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Serial links are widely used to transmit information. The data are usually transmitted via modems and public telephone networks. But anyone can access these routes, so there are threats to confidentiality and integrity of data. Data can be intercepted, manipulated or retained, for example, without the sender or recipient noticing. Consequently sensitive data have to be suitably protected against such threats. The most efficient method is the use of cryptography, ie transformation of data so that no conclusions can be drawn about their contents. Furthermore, there are special mechanisms to protect transmitted information against unnoticed manipulation.
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