Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
734 Results
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM18
Using S-parameters instead of a fixed offset makes measurements more accurate by accounting for the interaction between the sensor and a component. This shifts the sensor's reference plane from the sensor's RF connector to the input of the device that is being applied externally. This application note explains the fundamentals of using S-parameters and discusses some common applications in which S-parameter correction is useful. It also introduces a command line tool for updating S-parameter data in custom applications or in automated test setups.
27-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1GP70
This application note describes a software application that can be utilized in conjunction with Rohde&Schwarz Signal- and Spectrum Analyzers and Signal Source Analyzers to capture and analyze transient signals. The software application takes advantage of the instrument’s IQ memory buffer of up to 705 Msamples to capture and analyze IQ signals in the time domain and / or frequency domain. This is useful for measuring lock time, analyzing radar pulses, finding spurious transients, and other measurements similar in nature to these. This application can be used with R&S®Signal Source Analyzer FSUP and R&S®Signal and Spectrum Analyzers FSQ, FSU, FSG, FSV.
16-Feb-2009 | AN-No. 1MA141
R&S®NRPView has been replaced by software Power Viewer Plus, which is provided together with software R&S®NRP Toolkit.Please use the link given below to download R&S®NRP Toolkit.
18-Dec-2008 | AN-No. 1MA77
Remote control over a public mobile phone network with SMS or via a wireless IP connection.
22-Apr-2013
Getting started with IQ Streaming Application
The intention of this Application Note is to provide an overview of all necessary tasks for getting along with successful IQ Streaming.The necessary technical requirements are described as well as the streaming parameters of the IQ data stream.The general operation and basic setup of the MSR4 is described in the user manual and is not part of this document.
28-Mar-2023 | AN-No. 1179.7104.02
based on SCPI command sequences
MINX – the Measurement Instrument Network eXplorer – is a fast, non-invasive discovery and configuration software from Rohde & Schwarz for LAN and USB T&M instruments.Agnostic of instrument model or manufacturer, MINX provides an intuitive graphical user interface with access to powerful configuration, control, results collection and remote display functions.Test or research engineers can quickly setup a collection of instruments to initialise, measure and download results. Universities can configure and manage many instruments together, copying instruments and saving class setups.Besides these core functions, MINX provides an extension mechanism making even more sophisticated instrument operations available by just the click of a single button. Such extended functions are SCPI-based command sequences which can be added by the user on a per-instrument basis and require no software update.This application note describes the different kind of extendable function groups. It will be pointed out how extended functions can be added or edited and which format the script must comply in order to get directly available in MINX.
12-Jan-2021 | AN-No. GFM344
In this application note, a UHD 4K end-to-end solution utilizing products from Rohde & Schwarz is described in detail from the point at which 4K content is captured until its delivery to households via a DVB-T2 SFN network.
29-Aug-2014 | AN-No. 7BM90
7BM37 MPEG2,DVRG,Broadcasting,DTV Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG 7BM37 MPEG2,DVRG,Broadcasting,DTV Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG Related products
31-Jul-2003 | AN-No. 7BM37
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM16
This application note describes remote operation or monitoring of the R&S® RTO digital oscilloscope through a standard web browser. The common cross-platform technology Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is used as a server on the instrument.
27-Jul-2010 | AN-No. 1ER01
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01-Aug-1997 | AN-No. 7BM39
Broadcasting transmitters are subject to particularly stringent standards with respect to broadcast signal quality, because even small faults can lead to service disruptions for many viewers. A single instrument, the R&S®ETL TV analyzer, performs all required ATSC transmitter measurements, from the initial acceptance testing for the transmitter, to measurements performed during commis-sioning and preventive maintenance.
13-May-2013 | AN-No. 7BM102
Are there really power peaks that are 20 dB above the average value? Yes, there are. Ever since the introduction of digital transmission technology, it has been necessary to deal with such orders of magnitude. RF power components must be suitably dimensioned to handle the expected voltage peaks and avoid breaking down. If we can determine the crest factor, i.e. the ratio of the peak value to the average or RMS value, with sufficient accuracy (even though it can only be assessed statistically), then we will have solved the question of dimensioning power components. This Application Note is intended to help with this problem by providing some useful insights including basic formulas, some statistical background and a practical look at the limiting factors when it comes to dealing with real transmitter systems.
22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 7TS02
The terrestrial television standard DVB T2 is gaining in significance as a result of the growing scarcity of available frequencies. New systems are being tested in many countries around the world. Other countries have already completed the introductory phase for DVB T2. Broadcasting transmitters are subject to particularly stringent standards with respect to broadcast signal quality, because even small faults can lead to service disruptions for many viewers or even disrupt adjacent channels.A single instrument, the R&S®ETL TV analyzer, performs all required DVB-T2 transmitter measurements, from the initial acceptance testing for the transmitter, to measurements performed during commissioning and preventive maintenance.The measurements described here satisfy many country-specific and customer-specific test specifications. Users need only set the limit values accordingly.
24-Jul-2014 | AN-No. 7BM106
The application note has a focus on the theoretical background of the PLL measurement method and illuminate its application in the R&S FSUP. Based on measurement examples on different sources, the loop settings for optimum measurement performance are discussed.
04-May-2010 | AN-No. 1EF72
This application note describes in detail the steps required to make a noise figure measurement on a spectrum analyzer using the “Y Factor” technique. Background equations are presented for each step of the calculation. In addition, guidelines are provided to ensure a repeatable measurement. Measurement uncertainty is then reviewed, including contributions due to the noise source, analyzer, and the DUT itself. Finally, a software utility is presented that automates the noise figure calculation using four measurements from a spectrum analyzer. The utility checks the measurement guidelines and highlights potential problem areas. It then calculates the noise figure for the DUT along with the measurement uncertainty.
25-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1MA178
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM25
Complex production workflows in several broadcast, post production or presentation environments not only need a solid storage architecture, but also intelligent project sharing since several teams require access to all data.
18-Nov-2014
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar signals are often used in short range surveillance, altimeters and automotive radars. To ensure proper functionality, signal quality measures such as frequency linearity are of great importance.This application note focuses on fully automated, fast and accurate measurements, of linear FMCW radar signals. It explains the basic signal processing, the impact on radar key performance indicators in case of linearity deviations and explains test and measurement of linear FMCW signals in detail.Measurement of an FMCW radar signal in the 77-81 GHz band with 500 MHz of measurement bandwidth is demonstrated.
25-Apr-2014 | AN-No. 1EF88
With the test setup described, specific auxiliary data can inserted into the MPEG-2 transport streams for testing Set-Top Boxes for MHP and SSU. MHP (Multimedia Home Platform) applications can be added to the MHP test configuration and tested on the receiver, with the SSU configuration software updates of Settop Boxes can be performed according to TS 102 006.
09-Aug-2004 | AN-No. FTK02
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM19
This application note introduces the program GPIB-Bus Device Finder GPIB FIND.The GPIB-Bus Device Finder GPIB FIND helps you identify the devices connected to a GPIB (IEC or IEEE) bus. It shows the addresses of these devices and their response to the identity query (*idn?). Additionally GPIB FIND helps you to locate GPIB problems with GPIB card installation, incorrect address setting or broken cables. GPIB FIND includes an additional program to send (write) a message to a device or to receive (read) a message from the device.
28-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1MA17
Receiver diversity improves reception quality by using multiple antennas with a preferably low correlation factor between each other. This results in a more robust handling of multipath signals, since a deep fade will then not affect all received signals at the same time. However, the compact dimensions of handheld devices can introduce unwanted correlation due to their dense antenna spacing. In this case, the popular diversity test setup consisting of several independent transmitters will no longer serve the needs of a realistic simulation, since correlation effects have to be taken into account here. A clever solution is to operate the R&S®SFU in split-fading mode in combination with a second transmitter. This can be another R&S®SFU, the R&S®SFE, the R&S®SFE100 or the R&S®SMU200A. In this way, two diversity signals of adjustable correlation for any common broadcast standard are coded in realtime, while their individual multipath profile is precisely specified by the extensive features of the R&S®SFU fader module.
19-Oct-2012 | AN-No. 7BM76
This application note provides information about spectral measurements with noise correction. The basic requirements and the limiting factors of a spectrum analyzer are explained. Dynamic range improvements by means of a noise correction is presented. Measurement examples show the improved performance of TOI measurements with noise correction.
25-Oct-2012 | AN-No. 1EF76
DVB-T can be used for stationary, portable and – using the diversity technique – also mobile reception. Stationary reception via a Gaussian channel and a fixed Yagi antenna on the roof usually poses no problems. This is different with portable reception, for example on a park bench, if there are moving objects in the vicinity of the receiver that has been put up for optimal reception. These may be persons or any kind of vehicles that – while passing by the receiver - generate different types of reflections. With mobile reception, for example when driving on a motorway, poor receiving conditions have the most detrimental effect. Receiving conditions can be considerably improved by employing several antennas, a technique that is referred to as antenna diversity. This application note discusses the improvements that can be achieved with antenna diversity and explains how to simulate a DVB-T channel with the required characteristics by means of TV Test Transmitter R&S SFQ.
31-Jul-2003 | AN-No. 7BM06
This application note describes how the transmitter landscape of a DVB-T2 single-frequency network (SFN) can be simulated in multiple input single output (MISO) mode in order to test the compatibility and performance of receiver modules. Neither an external T2-MI gateway nor a GPS receiver is required - just an R&S®BTC equipped with two RF paths. Alternatively, one R&S®SFU coupled with one or more R&S®SFU, R&S®SFE, R&S®SFE100 or R&S®SFC can also be used. R&S®ETL or R&S®ETC are suggested to fine-tune the synchronization between the generated RF signals.
03-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 7BM80
This application note is to provide a basic understanding as to the configuration and control of DVQ via an Ethernet link.
26-Apr-2001 | AN-No. 7BM04
It is frequently desired to process the results stored on the floppy on a PC, eg for the generation of customer-specific test reports by means of a word processing system. To enable processing on an external PC, the binary data usually need conversion into an ASCII format. This is possible by means of the ESXS2ASC.EXE program. The program is available free of charge from your Rohde & Schwarz representative.
18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE21