Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
1096 Results
Fault identification in single elements of antenna arrays by scanning in near-field range and applying the near-field to far-field transformation method.
24-Mar-2020
The DTV recorder generator DVRG is a useful tool for recording and replaying MPEG2 transport streams in addition to uncompressed video (ITU -R B.T. 601).[[ br />Due to their length and data rate the streams can become very large and might not be able to transfer through the internal CD-R drive. This application note describes how a Microsoft network can be setup for a quick file transfer and remote operation of DVRG.
24-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 7BM07
Rohde & Schwarz signal generators can generate standard-compliant WLAN IEEE 802.11ax signals for high efficiency (HE) receiver testing.This application note helps to choose the right generator test solutions and explains step-by-step how to generate 802.11ax SISO and MIMO signals. Measurements, such as EVM, are presented to illustrate the signal performance. Furthermore, this document shows how to test 802.11ax receiver specifications and the newly introduced HE trigger-based PPDU specifications according to the IEEE P802.11ax/D1.3 specification draft.
16-Aug-2017 | AN-No. 1GP115
R&S®CMWcards, an intuitive and user-friendly software application, makes it possible to recreate field testing in a lab environment.
19-Feb-2019
Development of modern EW systems is a complex and expensive process, that requires thorough testing against all requirements during all phases of development. To keep cost under control, system level testing in the lab is key and brings several advantages: test cases can be reproduced under the exact same conditions as often as necessary. System level testing in the lab is often performed in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environment. This application note provides some insight into generating radar signals for hardware-in-the-loop testing with the R&S®SMW200A. An introduction to HIL testing and realtime operation of the R&S®SMW200A is given. The hardware and software interface, the PDW format and synchronization and timing mechanisms are described. Additionally, various example scenarios and detailed information about intermediate calculations are provided. The application note also provides information about system requirements for advanced PDW streaming with multiple emitters on multiple parallel streams.
22-Jan-2021 | AN-No. 1GP124
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) created the MBRAI specifications, which call for strict conformance tests that ensure the proper functionality of mobile receiver terminals for DVB-T/H transmissions. MBRAI is a common abbreviation of the IEC 62002 standard and stands for “mobile and portable DVB-T/H radio access interface”. This Application Note describes how the Broadcast Test System R&S®SFU provides all functions to generate MBRAI-compliant test signals. Only two special measurements require additional sources. For this purpose, the Test Transmitter R&S®SFE100 is used.
28-Nov-2007 | AN-No. 7BM61
LLC resonant converters achieve very high efficiency levels due to soft switching. However, during the power-on phase such a converter might behave differently until the controller has reached a steady state. Measuring the inrush current and the power-on time ensures that they are within standards and comply with the data sheet.
29-Nov-2018
This application note describes how to generate 3GPP (UTRA-FDD) signals for receiver tests under fading conditions for user equipment. The test setup requires an R&S®CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester with option R&S®CMU-B17 IQ-IF interface and an R&S®SMIQ Vector Signal Generator. The test setup can be calibrated with either a R&S®NRP-Zx USB power sensor or an NRP, NRVD, or NRVS Power Meter. To calibrate the baseband and RF path and configure performance tests according to the 3GPP test specification 34.121 easily, the program 3GFadLevCor is included.
01-Mar-2005 | AN-No. 1MA76
The Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the driving force of current and future wireless communications. In release 13, 3GPP has specified Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) as a new physical layer. This application note gives a short introduction to NB-IoT and shows the easy measurements with Rohde & Schwarz instruments.
30-Jun-2017 | AN-No. 1MA296
This application note gives a short summary on how to use harmonic mixers in combination with Rohde & Schwarz Signal and Spectrum Analyzers. Focus of this application note is the use of conversion loss tables with different R&S analyzers. It also provides a tool to convert different formats of the conversion loss tables.
06-Aug-2010 | AN-No. 1EF75
Its dual-path concept and high-power signal generation up to 20 GHz make the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator ideal for efficient testing of blocking characteristics
30-May-2014
Reliable testing of HARQ feedback and UL timing adjustment on LTE eNBs with the R&S®SMW200A simplifies eNB performance testing and eliminates the need for test UEs
01-Jun-2016
The R&S®CMW-B400B audio board offers the flexibility to measure and quantify audio applications with the R&S®CMW270/280/500 radio communication testers.
20-Jun-2013
Using the optional three-port or four-port adapter (ZVR-B8 and ZVR-B14), PORT 1 and PORT 2 of the network analyzers of the ZVR family (ZVRL, ZVRE and ZVR) can be expanded to up to four ports. Thus automatic measurements on three- and four-port DUTs can be easily performed without any reconnection of ports being required. With the electronic switches in the adapters, switchover between the various ports is fast to the extent that the known high measurement and display speed of the analyzers of the ZVR family is fully maintained.
04-Aug-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ37
Overview of the choices for downloading waveform data for remote processing
15-Feb-2018
With the R&S®RTB2000/RTM3000/RTA4000 oscilloscopes, you control and interact remotely via LAN. These oscilloscopes incorporate the USB-based connectivity standard media transfer protocol (MTP).
20-Mar-2017
An ever-increasing requirement for data on mobile networks, driven by a myriad of applications from HD video on the move to autonomous vehicles and Industrial IOT, means a part of the new 5G network is to be deployed at mmWave frequencies, with a 26 GHz pioneer band defined for the UK between 24.25 - 27.5 GHz.This near 10-fold increase in frequency over 4G networks opens several challenges, both in the design and implementation of the required sub-components, network infrastructure and end user equipment, and in parallel in the test and measurement approaches used to drive these developments.In this presentation, we will introduce some of the main challenges in test and measurement of a device at these frequencies. We will then present the testing of a 26-28GHz pioneer band dual channel amplifier evaluation module using 5G NR test waveforms.
26-Nov-2018
This white paper describes the interaction between intermodulation products generated by a device under test (DUT) and intermodulation products generated internally in a spectrum analyzer. The overall intermodulation distortion may be too optimistic or pessimistic. Examples demonstrating cancelling IM products and necessary steps to avoid an influence of the spectrum analyzer on the measurement results are outlined.
29-Nov-2012 | AN-No. 1MA219
The R&S®SMC100A signal generator offers a remote emulation feature that makes it possible to control the instrument by commands other than the built-in native SCPI commands. This feature allows the user to replace signal generators, e.g. from other manufacturers, with the R&S®SMC100A without having to change the remote control code. This application note describes how to use the remote emulation feature in general. Furthermore, it describes in detail the remote emulation for each supported instrument, limitations of the individual emulations and the remaining differences between the emulated and the original commands.
28-Feb-2012 | AN-No. 1GP90
5G networks will need to offer more capacity and flexibility while lowering the operational expenses of the system. Two new technologies can simultaneously address both the increase in capacity and the increase in energy efficiency: Virtualization & Massive MIMO. This white paper provides an overview of test solutions addressing current and future requirements for antenna verification including both conducted and over-the-air (OTA) test methods, which result from applying Massive MIMO antenna technology.This white papers complements the white paper (1MA276) from Rohde & Schwarz, which introduces fundamental theory behind beamforming antennas and provides calculation methods for radiation patterns, a number of simulation results as well as some real world measurement results for small linear arrays.
11-Nov-2016 | AN-No. 1MA286
The battery cycle tool has several charts that display collected data and can be used to characterize battery samples and create battery models.
02-May-2023
LTE – the fastest growing mobile radio standard – had its beginnings in 3GPP Release 8. Initial improvements and new features were implemented in Release 9. This Application Note describes the T&M methods for LTE Release 9 features using Rohde & Schwarz instruments.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA210
Testing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can be done easily, reliably and cost-efficiently by using the R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generator. This GNSS simulator can generate GPS, Glonass, Galileo, and BeiDou signals for up to 24 satellites in real time.This application note explains how to perform automated receiver tests using the R&S®SMBV100A. The presented tests include TTFF, sensitivity, and location accuracy measurements, moving receiver and interference tests, and many more. Basic remote control examples are provided for the individual tests to ease programming. This application note further includes a short guide for parsing NMEA data.
29-Jul-2014 | AN-No. 1GP86
The need to properly represent the ever changing complexities of the RF environment across communications, surveillance, electronic support measures (ESM) and signal intelligence system (SIGINT) with the advances of signal complexity and bandwidth, requires an enormous test and measurement effort.Extensive field tests are often applied to verify the performance and capabilities under preferably natural but controlled conditions. This is both costly and requires a great deal of time.RF signal environment generation using Test & Measurement equipment brings field tests into the laboratory, where a controlled, cost-effective and reproducible environment exists. The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software is a versatile tool to generate arbitrary and realistic RF signal scenarios ensuringsystem readiness for the real operational world.This application note introduces the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software, explains several examples that are applicable for research, development, before operational and during life-time test in detail, and guides you through the necessary steps, to generate a self-defined, arbitrary real life RF signal environment.
17-Jan-2017 | AN-No. 1MA288
For conducted immunity tests, EMC labs require a test signal source driven at high RF powers and at defined frequencies. Rohde&Schwarz offers a compact solution with a signal generator, an RF solid-state amplifier with power up to 350 W, power sensors and test software for the frequency range from 4 kHz to 400 MHz.
03-Dec-2021
In addition to the main function, power electronic circuits very often have to provide other essential functions such as interfacing with submodules to fulfill system design requirements. Power designs therefore include bus communications in combination with a microcontroller. This can easily lead to more complex designs that may have a negative impact on the conducted emission measurements. Sometimes these auxiliary functions generate emissions infrequently, making it challenging to locate and isolate the root cause. An instrument with a very fast FFT analysis capability is essential to find infrequent events efficiently.
03-Mar-2023
Measurement deviations due to systematic errors of a network analysis system can be drastically reduced by an appropriate system error calibration. After system error correction, the residual measurement uncertainties are - besides the stability, linearity, and dynamic range of the network analyzer system - mainly affected by the quality of the calibration standards and the repeatability of the connections. The effective measurement accuracy of the network analysis system can be determined using the results of successive verification measurements utilizing highly precise verification standards.
24-Jan-2001 | AN-No. 1EZ48
This Application Note gives a short overview how signals with two different modulation schemes can be analyzed using the R&S®FSW (or R&S®FPS) using its Multi-Standard-Radio-Analyzer (MSRA) and Vector Signal Analysis personality. The Application Note focuses on DVB-S2(X) signals, but the approach may be used for similar signals as well, as e.g. used in microwave backhaul links.The Application Note also provides a software tool that automates the configuration and provides the variety of different constellations that are used within DVB-S2(X).
18-Apr-2016 | AN-No. 1EF93