Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
735 Results
In addition to frequency, power and long-term stability, short-term stability or its equivalent, phase noise, is an important characteristic of signal sources. For example, the phase noise of conversion oscillators of receivers obtained in the presence of a strong signal determines adjacent-channel sensitivity. In the case of transmitters, the phase noise of the oscillator together with the modulator characteristics is responsible for the power generated in adjacent channels. The phase noise of oscillators or synthesizers and the relevant measurements therefore play an important role in radio transmission systems.
16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF16
This application note describes the general setup and required equipment for EMC measurements according to the EMS standard IEC / EN 61000-4-3.
29-Mar-2007 | AN-No. 1SP32
This application note shows how to perform user equipment (UE) receiver tests, such as block error rate (BLER) and throughput tests, under fading conditions with the R&S®CMW500 RF tester and the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator in LTE(-A), W-CDMA (HSPA+), TD-SCDMA, GSM (GRPS and EGPRS(2)), CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO.
03-Nov-2015 | AN-No. 1MA194
This is a very special application note for all those who have seen the ZVatch (ZVR watch) and not really believed the nice red curve on its face. This curve can actually be generated with a Vector Network Analyzer ZVR.
25-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EZ28
This application note provides information about the ACLR measurement with noise correction. The basic requirements and the limiting factors of a spectrum analyzer are explained. Dynamic range improvements by means of a noise correction is presented. Measurement examples show the practical realisation ACLR measurements.
16-May-2002 | AN-No. 1EF49
FSH4Remote is a free-of-charge program for connecting the R&S®FSH4/8 handheld spectrum analyzer or the R&S®FSC spectrum analyzer to a remote computer, and for providing remote control of the functions from the computer. It runs under Windows and Linux operating systems. This application note describes the easy use of FSH4Remote to control the R&S®FSH/FSC and read the trace.
09-Feb-2012 | AN-No. 1MA180
The application note describes the Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Program NRV-Z. The program is used to determine measurement uncertainties that inevitably arise when using power meters. In particular, it covers the NRV-Z family of thermal sensors and diode sensors for high-precision power measurements, as well as the compatible basic units NRVD, NRVS and URV55.
26-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 1GP43
This application note is based on collaborative work between Cadence and Rohde & Schwarz.The focus is on understanding as early as possible in the design process performance enhancements through linearization of non-linear devices, in our case the RF power amplifier (PA). In other words, what performance benefits can be reached with linearization techniques such as digital predistortion (DPD). Typically, this is investigated when the device is available and physical RF measurements are conducted. In this application note, it is looked at earlier in the design process while using electronic design automation (EDA) such as Cadence® AWR® Visual System Simulator™ (VSS) software. The goal is to allow an RF designer to evaluate the linearizability of his design without in-depth knowledge of DPD algorithms. In the end, the designer can get closer to the optimal efficiency with earlier access to DPD, while at the same time improving time-to-market.The application note brings code examples and an exemplary setup for VSS software to provide an easy start to replicate and use the described procedure.
20-Apr-2022 | AN-No. 1SL383
This Application Note gives an introduction to measurements of WiMAX signals according to standards 80216-2004 and 802.16e-2005. It describes all kind of signal generation from simple signals to multiple-zone signals, also under multipath environment (fading), and covers all signal measurements from power and spectrum analysis, crest factor and CCDF measurement down to bit pattern analysis and modulation measurements.Please see also 1MA96 for General information about the WiMAX standard and 1EF57 for an introduction to the WiMAX standard.
10-Jul-2006 | AN-No. 1MA97
An FSE (or FSIQ) Spectrum Analyser equipped with the Vector Analysis option (FSE-B7) can measure a wide range of error types (EVM, Magnitude Error, Phase Error…) on continous signal. This Application Note describes how to measure these errors on a single burst between symbols.
22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 1ES48
Make more accurate power rail measurements.
17-Jul-2018
This application note shows all necessary settings for performing Dual Receiver Measurement using the R&S®EMC32-K27 option via R&S® EMC32 Measurement Software.
28-Sep-2017 | AN-No. 1SP20
This application note describes the procedure used to install and deploy the LabVIEW driver libraries for the R&S CompactTSVP. All available wrapper VIs of *.DLL files from the R&S GTSL (Generic Test Software Library) development framework are now conveniently accessible via the LabVIEW menu item 'user.lib'. This common recipe also allows all upcoming versions of the R&S GTSL to be deployed, for safe and seamless updating of future R&S GTSL enhancements.
28-Dec-2007 | AN-No. 1SP805
This application note outlines two different approaches for remote-controlling Rohde & Schwarz instruments out of MathWorks MATLAB:The first one uses VISA connection and direct SCPI commands.The second approach takes advantage of Rohde & Schwarz VXI plug&play instrument drivers and MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox.
12-Jun-2017 | AN-No. 1MA171
This Application Note describes measurements compliant with the CDMA2000® base station standard described in 3GPP2 C.S0010-C v2.0 / TIA/EIA-97-F-1. The primary focus is on solutions for generating and analyzing CDMA2000® signals. The special characteristics that make the selected signal generators and signal analyzers highly suitable for this purpose are detailed, and remote control programming is demonstrated by means of a free-of-charge program.
15-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA109
In many applications, circuitries with automatic gain control are used, for example in the fields of tape recording or hearing aids. This application note describes the typical characteristic of these control circuitries and the difficulties in measurements using oscilloscops. With the audio analyzers UPL and UPD these measurements can be done much easier, the analysis can be done manually or automatically by using a special software tool.
04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA32
The converters offered for the R&S®ZVA family extend the network analyzers' frequency range up to 325 GHz. This Application Note describes typical measurements on millimeter-wave mixers and millimeter-wave frontends. It also discusses a signal identification method that enables spurious measurements to be performed in the millimeter-wave range using an R&S®ZVA network analyzer in conjunction with a converter.
17-Nov-2008 | AN-No. 1EZ57
The option ZVR-B7 allows an enhanced power calibration of the source and of the receiver channels of a ZVR, then being active instead of the standard factory power calibration. Using an external power meter, the power level of input or output wave quantities will be adjusted to a desired value at an arbitrary reference plane.
29-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ41
This application note explains step by step all necessary settings for transmitting parameters of the disturbance signal from an EMS test to a dAV Camera System via serial port or LAN interface. The dAV Camera System overlays these parameters onto the camera signal.
10-Dec-2019
Phase distortions in a transmission channel are determined using group delay measurements, they must be as low as possible to maintain good signal quality. Vector network analyzers are normally used to characterize the group delay variations as a measure of phase distortion.This application note provides basic information about the concept of a group delay measurement with spectrum analyzers and signal generators, and how this method simplifies the test setup and improves the measurement speed.Measurement examples show the limiting factors of this approach and help the user to understand and avoid some limitations of this method. In addition the test results are compared to those generated with vector network analyzers.
09-Aug-2017 | AN-No. 1EF98
This application note describes how to use the mask and limit test features of the R&S®RTO, R&S®RTE and R&S®RTM Digital Oscilloscopes for EUT monitoring of signal forms, jitter etc. with the R&S®EMC32 Measurement Software. The mask test function allows autonomous characterization of digital signal integrity during EMS tests. R&S®EMC32 software records violations of userdefined limits or mask templates and evaluates the immunity threshold at frequencies of critical electromagnetic susceptibility.
20-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA242
Gated spectrum method with the R&S®PR200
03-Feb-2020
This application note provides a description of the Rohde & Schwarz Click Rate Analyzer software.In conjunction with the R&S®ESW and R&S®ESR EMI Test Receiver 4-channel operation is applicable. With R&S®ESU and R&S®ESCI EMI Test Receivers the Click Rate Analyzer software is limited to one channel. This software performs click rate analysis in accordance with CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 14-1 / EN 55014-1. It features realtime graphic display of the maximum peak and quasi-peak values. After the measurement, a test report can be displayed and printed.
15-Jan-2015 | AN-No. 1EE25
This application note provides hints for implementing remote control programs using Rohde & Schwarz spectrum and network analyzers. The document makes suggestions for improved remote control performance and describes aspects of measurement synchronization in detail. Finally the document discusses some typical challenges of remote control in production test.
19-Aug-2014 | AN-No. 1EF62
3GPP TS25.141 defines conformance tests for W-CDMA base stations (including HSPA+ features). This application note describes how transmitter (Tx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 6) can be performed quickly and easily by using signal and spectrum analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz. A few tests additionally require vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz. Example illustrates manual operation. A free software program enables and demonstrates remote operation. The W-CDMA base station receiver (Rx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 7) are described in Application Note 1MA114.
21-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 1MA67
This application note explains the concept of Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement on 3GPP W-CDMA signals with the spectrum analyzer FSP. Optimum operation for both the integrated bandwidth method and the new time domain method are shown via explanation of the signal behavior and the internal structure of the FSP. With the time domain method the spectrum analyzer family FSP provides a new approach featuring a very short measurement time compared to the integrated bandwidth method.
12-Jan-2001 | AN-No. 1EF41
This application note illustrates the operation of the OFDM measurement software R&S FSQ-K96. It describes applications, setup, features, settings and results. Further it concentrates on generating the configuration file for R&S FSQ-K96, the appropriate IQ data files for Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ and waveform files for R&S Signal Generators. With this description the user obtains a complete R&S test solution for signal generation and analysis of generic OFDM signals.
17-Oct-2008 | AN-No. 1EF65
This application note shows how to run 3GPP WCDMA BER and BLER tests according to standard TS 25.141 with the Vector Signal Generators R&S®SMBV100A, R&S®SMJ100A, or R&S®SMU200A. The description of hardware test setup is followed by detailed instructions on how to configure the R&S® generators and how to run a BER or BLER test step by step. Remote control commands for the generators are included, to simplify integrating the BER/BLER tests into your proprietary test suite.
06-Mar-2009 | AN-No. 1MA144
During wireless transmission over the air a signal is subject to fading. Since fading can strongly influence the communication, devices such as mobile phones must be tested under real-world conditions to verify their performance. The Rohde & Schwarz vector signal generators R&S®SMW200A, R&S®SMU200A and R&S®AMU200A make it possible to perform such tests. Their integrated real-time fading simulators reproduce well-defined and repeatable real-world test scenarios to bring reality into your laboratory. A multitude of standard-compliant, preconfigured fading scenarios make the configuration as easy as possible.This application note gives a brief introduction to fading and explains how to use the fading simulators in custom applications.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP99
The 3GPP TS 36.521-1 “Radio transmission and reception” LTE User Equipment (UE) conformance specification defines the measurement procedures for LTE terminals with regard to their transmitting characteristics, receiving characteristics and performance requirements as part of the 3G Long Term Evolution (3G LTE) standard.This application note describes how to use the LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) measurement functionality associated with the Downlink Carrier Aggregation feature of the R&S®CMW500 wideband radio communication tester to perform LTE R10 receiver measurements according to this test specification.
09-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1CM103