110 Results
conducted conformance testing according to TS 38.141-1, Rel. 16 Christian Wicke GFM313 3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes how all mandatory RF transmitter tests (TS 38.141-1, chapter 6), according to Release 16, can be performed quickly and conveniently
conducted conformance testing according to TS 38.141-1, Rel. 15 Christian Wicke GFM314 3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes how all mandatory RF receiver tests (TS 38.141-1, chapter 7), according to Release 15, can be performed quickly and conveniently with
The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer measures and analyzes time sidelobes to optimize compressed radar signals as well as radar hardware components and systems. Developers of radar systems can improve and immediately validate their design using automated and reproducible measurements. FSW, FSW-K6 The R&S FSW signal and spectrum analyzer measures and analyzes time sidelobes to optimize compressed
Gareth LLOYD, Dr Patrick AGYAPONG GFM345 The R&S®SMW-K546 software option aids the optimum design of multiple path amplifiers, including Doherty Amplifiers. This application note provides guidance on the use of the software option, both for direct control and programming via the touchscreen, and for remote control using SCPI. The software and associated techniques may similarly be used to develop other
radiated conformance testing according to TS 38.141-2, Rel. 16 Christian Wicke GFM325 3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes all mandatory RF receiver tests (TS 38.141-2, chapter 7), according to Release 16. Furthermore, this document provides a brief introduction
Julian Aumueller The R&S®FSW offers a variety of different bandwidth options and makes it possible to combine these with external harmonic mixers to enlarge the analyzer’s frequency range up to 500 GHz . This application card will give some guidance as to the possible combinations of bandwidth options and mixers in conjunction with the needed IF frequencies. FSW, harmonic mixers, FSW-B21, How to use
Dr. Fabian Guettge 1DC02 R&S ® VISA is a standardized software library that allows fast communications over diverse interfaces with a wide variety of T&M instruments that are detected on the network from PC applications. R&S ® VISA also includes a trace tool that simultaneously monitors communications between multiple applications and T&M instruments, and permits targeted analysis with the aid of efficient
The required bandwidth span for power amplifiers is growing, driven by the latest 5G and satellite enhancements. Ideally, amplifiers support multiple bands. This makes wideband testing more essential than ever before. SMW200A, SMW-K548, FSW, FSW-K18, FSW-K18D, wideband power amplifier, MATLAB, Verification of wideband power amplifiers Your task Developing a wideband power amplifier is a multidimensional
Signal Generation and Analysis Gareth LLOYD GFM337 This Application Note supplements the video series, describing signal generation and signal analysis for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) for LTE and 5G NR. The video series is located below this paragraph. In this illustration, a four frame (40 subframes) long LTE sequence will be created, and exemplary MBSFN slots inserted, carrying 5G payloads. That
radiated conformance testing according to TS 38.141-2, Rel. 16 Christian Wicke GFM324 3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes all mandatory radiated RF transmitter tests (TS 38.141-2, chapter 6), according to Release 16. Furthermore, this document provides
Mahmud Naseef, Andreas Rössler GFM322 This application note is step by step guide on 5G New Radio (5G NR) signal generation and analysis capabilities using the R&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator equipped with software option SMW-K144 (5G NR option), in combination with the R&S®FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer and the software options FSW-K144 & FSW-K145 (5G NR Downlink & Uplink Signal Analysis). The
Kay-Uwe Sander 1EF107 Modern automotive radar systems occupy very wide bandwidth in order to have a good location resolution. In most cases the bandwidth is a result of frequency modulation or fast frequency hopping techniques, in some cases also pulse modulation is used. Besides the measurement of the frequency variation over time like deviation and linearity, the verification of emissions according
Kay-Uwe Sander, Sebastian Kehl-Waas 1EF108 Noise-Power-Ratio (NPR) measurements are a common procedure and a simple but useful tool to characterize the performance of power amplifiers for satellites or other multi-channel communication systems. The main advantage is the use of wideband signals like noise, multi-carrier CW tones or I/Q modulated signals, which leads to a better simulation of the real
Kay-Uwe Sander 1EF106 This application note provides information how to perform spectral emission measurements on pulsed signals with spectrum analyzers using RBW filters with very wide bandwidth, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement. FSW, Pulse, Mean Power, Peak Power, RBW, UWB, FCC RBW influence
Bernhard Schulz 1MA108 The Bluetooth® wireless standard has been an unparalleled success. It has found its way into virtually all smartphones, PCs, cars, entertainment hardware and wearables. Bluetooth SIG reports that more than 8 billion devices are currently in use. Bluetooth supports Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and direction finding methods, making it a sure bet for the future as well.
Florian Ramian 1EF105 Digital pre-distortion (DPD) is a common method to linearize the output signal of a power amplifier (PA), which is being operated in its non-linear operating range. The R&S K18D application family offers a very easy-to-use method to pre-distort amplifiers without modelling the DUT. However, many engineers in PA design request a simple and easy-to-use tool that delivers a DPD model
Dr. Michael Simon 1EF104 The document gives an overview and user guide about a link budget calculator for the main components of a basic OTA system. The calculator shall guide the user to plan link budgets, especially with respect to SNR requirements for the receive components and the vector signal analyzer. An Excel sheet containing the Link Budget Calculator accompanies the application note. OTA,
Compensating external components using their S-parameters and R&S®FSW-K544 FSW, FSW-K544, signal and spectrum analyzer, VNA, LNA, DUT Creating your own “smart” low-noise amplifier Your task In many applications, customized components are connected to the measuring instrument (e.g. a signal analyzer) to adapt it perfectly to a specific measurement task. Typical examples are cables (very long ones to
Frequency allocation plans are under discussion in the US and Europe to open the lower C band for 5G applications. This portion of the spectrum provides 5G with more bandwidth than conventional lower mobile frequency bands and is contiguous while the C band is actually in use for satellite downlinks to satellite earth stations (SES). 5G, C band, FSW, SMW200A, BTC Coexistence of 5G and satellite services
Thomas Röder 1GP88 The ARB Toolbox is an easy-to-use, feature packed software package that is used for many ARB waveform related tasks. Use this software for creating ARB waveform files from custom IQ data; import data from MATLAB .mat files; evaluate waveform content graphically; resample or filter waveforms; create analog modulated signals as ARB files; edit marker data in waveform files; use the
An ever-increasing requirement for data on mobile networks, driven by a myriad of applications from HD video on the move to autonomous vehicles and Industrial IOT, means a part of the new 5G network is to be deployed at mmWave frequencies, with a 26 GHz pioneer band defined for the UK between 24.25 - 27.5 GHz. This near 10-fold increase in frequency over 4G networks opens several challenges, both in
The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer is a high-performance instrument capable of measuring many key system and component parameters. Using the bit error rate (BER) functionality of the R&S®FSW-K70P option, the raw data error performance of a component or system can be accurately determined. signal and spectrum analyze, high-performance, instrument, key system, component parameters, bit error rate
Speed up development, verify best performance and start up series production with confidence. Doherty designs achieve high efficiency, greater linearity and increased output power. Get deep insight into your design with a dual-path, precisely synchronized source driving the Doherty amplifier and improve your yield. Speed up, development, performance, Doherty, high efficiency, greater linearity, increased
Kay-Uwe Sander 1EF103 This application note provides information how to perform noise figure measurements under pulsed or bursted conditions with spectrum analyzers and noise sources, and introduce the capabilities of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement. FSW, Satellit, Mikrowelle, Drahtlose Kommunikation, Satellite, Wireless Communication, Noise Figure,
Miloslav Macko 1MA196 1MA196, Forum, Application, Instrument, Remote, Control, Python, Scripting, R&S Forum, RS Forum, R&SForum, RSForum, Windows, Mac OS Using R&S®Forum Application for Instrument Remote Control R&S®Forum is a free scripting tool for remote control of Rohde & Schwarz instruments. It allows users to create script sequences, as well as interactive remote control of instruments. Script
Mahmud Naseef Over-the-air (OTA) beamforming testing OTA, beamforming testing, beamforming, satellite communication, wireless communication, LEO, low Earth orbit OTA characterization of passive array antennas for fast testing - Over-the-air (OTA) beamforming testing Market trend Beamforming is increasly becoming the technology of choice for both the wireless and satellite communications industry. The
Frederic Schütze 1MA074 Versatile Software Tool for Rohde & Schwarz Instruments RSCommander is a versatile software tool for a wide range of Rohde & Schwarz spectrum-, network analyzers, signal generators and oscilloscopes. It allows for automatic instrument discovery, making screenshots, reading traces, file transfer and simple script creation. ABFS, AFQ, AFQ100A, AFQ100B, AMU, AMU200A, CBT, ESCI,
Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and spectrum analyzers can be used to test IEEE 802.11ax stations in terms of uplink accuracy requirements. Measurements such as residual carrier frequency error and timing accuracy of HE TB PPDU transmissions are supported. SGT100A, FSW, signal generators, spectrum analyzers, IEEE 802.11ax Testing uplink accuracy for WLAN IEEE 802.11ax Your task Wireless connectivity
Alexander Naehring 1MA308 This application note shows how to use Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and analyzers for testing early 5G New Radio components, chipsets and devices. Methods for easy creation and analysis of custom OFDM are explained. The solution provides ● a single user interface for signal generation and analysis configuration ● Flexible OFDM configuration and signal generation incl.
Dr. Florian Ramian 1EF99 Digital pre-distortion (DPD) is a common method to linearize the output signal of a power amplifier (PA), which is being operated in its non-linear operating range. Most PAs operate in their non-linear range for efficiency reasons. The drawback of higher efficiency is the non-linear operating range. In order to maintain signal quality, many transmitters employ DPD. Implementing
Kay-Uwe Sander 1EF98 Phase distortions in a transmission channel are determined using group delay measurements, they must be as low as possible to maintain good signal quality. Vector network analyzers are normally used to characterize the group delay variations as a measure of phase distortion. This application note provides basic information about the concept of a group delay measurement with spectrum
Gareth LLOYD 1MA289 Energy efficiency of RF Frontends (RFFE), especially transmitters, continues to gain greater prominence. Meeting the efficiency challenge is increasingly difficult at higher operating frequencies and bandwidths, such as those proposed for 5G. There is a group of transmitter RFFE architectures whose signal output is constructed from two, or more, efficiently generated components.
Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers equipped with the R&S ® FSx-K30 option form the basis of a solution to accurately measure the noise figure in the millimeterwave frequency range using the Y-factor method. FSx-K30, FSW, Measure noise figure above 110 GHz Rohde&Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers equipped with the R&S ® FSx-K30 option form the basis of a solution to accurately measure
Laura Sanchez 1EF97 Spurious emission search with spectrum analyzers is one of the most demanding measurements in the design, verification and production of RF and microwave devices. RF designers, especially in the aerospace & defense industry need to detect very low level spurs. Very narrow resolution bandwidths are required to measure with a low noise floor, hence increasing measurement time. Even
Bernhard Schulz 1MA296 The Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the driving force of current and future wireless communications. In release 13, 3GPP has specified Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) as a new physical layer. This application note gives a short introduction to NB-IoT and shows the easy measurements with Rohde & Schwarz instruments. Internet of things, NB-IoT, LTE, 3GPP, Release 13, Transmitter
R. Wagner,B. Schulz,A. Mandel 1MA282 More and more everyday items such as household appliances, vehicles, lights, etc. are now connected to the Internet, forming what is known as the "Internet of Things". Even clothing with sewn-in sensors to measure vital functions can now connect to the Internet and transmit data to cloud services. These different things use a variety of wireless technology standards
Miloslav Macko 1MA171 This application note outlines two different approaches for remote-controlling Rohde & Schwarz instruments out of MathWorks MATLAB: The first one uses VISA connection and direct SCPI commands. The second approach takes advantage of Rohde & Schwarz VXI plug&play instrument drivers and MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox. MATLAB, Rohde Schwarz, remote, control, Instrument Control
Bernhard Schulz 1MA260 The amendment 802.11ad to the WLAN standard defines the MAC and PHY layers for very high throughput (VHT) in the 60 GHz range. This application note provides a brief examination of key 802.11ad parameters, describes the required measurements and test setups and contains several important recommendations for over-the-air (OTA) measurements. WLAN, 802.11ad, 11ad, WiGig, Transmitter
Gareth LLOYD 1MA299 Distortions caused by components in the RFFE (radio frequency front end) limit the performance and throughput of communications systems. Types of distortions include: ▪ AM-AM and AM-PM (complex variations of gain with amplitude) ▪ Non-linear frequency response (memory effect) All RFFE components exhibit all of these distortions, only the proportions vary. In this Application Note
Miloslav Macko 1MA228 This Application Note gives 10 useful Tips & Tricks for the users of Rohde & Schwarz attribute-based instrument drivers. It is recommended for the first-time LabVIEW users as well as for the experienced programmers. Macko, 1MA228, Instrument, Drivers, Driver, Remote, Control, LabVIEW 10 Tips & Tricks on how to use Rohde & Schwarz LabVIEW Instrument drivers 10 Tips & Tricks on
O.Gerlach 1MA285 The need for higher data rates and flexibility for IP and Cable TV (CATV) has led to the introduction of DOCSIS®3.1. With channel bandwidths up to 192 MHz and 96 MHz on the downstream and upstream respectively as well as the cable network frequency extension up to 1.2 GHz (1.8 GHz as a future extension) the technical requirements of cable components have increased significantly. This
The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer provides the high dynamic range needed to accurately measure the ON/OFF power of your transmitter in accordance with 3GPP TS 36.141. TD-LTE, base station, FSQ, signal analyzer, 3GPP, time domain, long term evolution, The R&S®FSQ signal analyzer provides the high dynamic range needed to accurately measure the ON/OFF power of your transmitter in accordance with
CLGD, FSW, Applicataion Card, CATV, DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS 3.1 BER testing on CATV amplifiers with R&S ® CLGD and R&S ® FSW Your task The need for higher data rates and flexibility for IP and cable TV (CATV) has led to the introduction of DOCSIS 3.1 . With channel bandwidths up to 192 MHz in the downstream and 96 MHz in the upstream and the cable network frequency extension up to 1.2 GHz (1.8 GHz as a future
M.Naseef, R. Minihold 1MA263 After a communications satellite is on its target orbit, several routines need to be performed in order to ensure proper performance from the transponders in the payload. The on-orbit measurements are a vital part of the maintenance of a live satellite as well. Operating a satellite channel for an on-orbit measurement rather than the intended application comes with significant
M. Kottkamp, C. Rowell 1MA286 5G networks will need to offer more capacity and flexibility while lowering the operational expenses of the system. Two new technologies can simultaneously address both the increase in capacity and the increase in energy efficiency: Virtualization & Massive MIMO. This white paper provides an overview of test solutions addressing current and future requirements for antenna
Yariv Shavit 1MA249 RF pulse measurements, to characterize the signal in the frequency domain, are traditionally carried out on an RF spectrum analyzer. For time related pulse parameters, oscilloscopes are widely used. However, the measurement capabilities of state of the art test and measurement equipment has evolved over time and crosses domains. With a combination of R&S®RTO digital oscilloscope
Gareth LLOYD 1MA279 The Doherty Amplifier continues to be rolled out in an increasing number of TxFE (Transmit Frontend) applications, as the quasi-linear amplifier architecture of choice. The advent of 5G, with its inevitable microwave or millimeter wave air interface, increase the design challenges associated with its construction; not least of all because of the potential for increased dispersion
The R&S ® SMW200A vector signal generator with the R&S ® SMW-K78 radar echo generation option tests L-/S-/X-/Ku-band radars up to 40 GHz RF frequency more flexibly than ever before. Since it allows the object range, radial velocity and radar cross section (RCS) of radar echo signals to be configured, it is ideal for radar development, maintenance and training. SMW200A, FSW Flexible and powerful radar
Kamel Shibli, Steffen Heuel 1MA283 Radar test systems are essential in research, development, production and maintenance of radar systems. Most radar tests are expensive to carry out in the field and have a complicated setup and operation. One of the main advantages of the Radar Echo Generator presented in this application note is its ability to generate arbitrary virtual radar echo signals in real
Bernhard Schulz 1MA272 LTE is under continuous development. Release 10 (LTE-Advanced) introduced carrier aggregation (CA) as the primary enhancement. Releases 11 and 12 add several new components to LTE. Some are enhancements to existing features (such as improvements to CA), while others are completely new concepts, such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP). This application note summarizes the Rohde
M.Naseef, R.Minihold 1MA248 Designing and implementing an active phased array antenna requires precise characterization of individual components and the integrated performance of the array. To ensure an accurate test of the intended adaptive nature of the active phased array antenna, the embedded algorithms need to be tested as well. This application note aims to explain test procedures and give recommendations
Yariv Shavit, Dr. Steffen Heuel 1MA267 Road safety is a global challenge at present and will be in the future. Automotive radar has become a keyword in this area and pushes again a step forward to increase driving comfort, crash prevention and even automated driving. Driver assistance systems which are supported by radar are already common. Most assistant systems are increasing the drivers comfort
Andreas Roessler 1MA271 Enhanced Mobile Broadband, Massive Machine Type Communication, Ultra-reliable and low latency communication have been identified as the requirements to be supported by the 5thGeneration of Mobile Communication, short 5G. 5G is extensively discussed in the wireless industry. A lot of research and pre-development is being conducted worldwide, including an analysis of the waveforms
Bernhard Schulz 1MA195 3GPP TS36.141 defines conformance tests for EUTRA base stations (eNodeB). Release 14 added several tests, especially for enhanced License Assisted Access (eLAA). This application note describes how all required receiver (Rx) tests (TS36.141 Chapter 7) can be performed quickly and easily by using vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz. A few tests additionally require spectrum
Bernhard Schulz 1MA154 3GPP TS36.141 defines conformance tests for EUTRA base stations (eNodeB). Release 14 added several tests, especially for enhanced License Assisted Accsess (eLAA). This application note describes how all required transmitter (Tx) tests (TS36.141 Chapter 6) can be performed quickly and easily by using signal and spectrum analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz. A few tests additionally
Dr. Florian Ramian 1EF93 This Application Note gives a short overview how signals with two different modulation schemes can be analyzed using the R&S ® FSW (or R&S ® FPS) using its Multi-Standard-Radio-Analyzer (MSRA) and Vector Signal Analysis personality. The Application Note focuses on DVB-S2(X) signals, but the approach may be used for similar signals as well, as e.g. used in microwave backhaul
The R&S ® FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and easy-to-use transmitter testing for the demanding DOCSIS 3.1 cable modem (CM) and cable modem termination system (CMTS) requirements. The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer, Test & Measurement The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and easy-to-use transmitter testing for the demanding DOCSIS 3.1 cable modem (CM) and cable modem
M.Naseef, F.Ramian, Y.Shavit 1MA273 The application note address test and measurement possibilities for DVB-S2 and DVB-S2X signals in the K u & K a -band. The AN includes detailed description of measurement setups, DVB-S2 and DVB-S2X signal generation, up-conversion and signal quality (Error Vector Magnitude and Modulation Error Ratio) analysis in the K u & K a -band using Rohde & Schwarz instruments
Noise Power Ratio Signal Generation and Measurement Ottmar Gerlach 1MA29 Noise Power Ratio (NPR) is an add-on tool for WinIQSIM™ to generate noise power ratio stimulus signals and measure the resulting noise power ratio of a device under test (DUT) using Rohde & Schwarz instruments via LAN or GPIB bus. NPR, Noise Power Ratio, Noise Bandwidth, Notch, TCP/IP, WinIQSIM, AMIQ, SMIQ, SMR, SMJ100A, SMV,
O.Gerlach 1MA250 This application note describes the configuration of a Miracast wireless video transmission system and how to measure the delay times between a smart phone or tablet (source) and a television / monitor (sink) display. The accompanying software for Windows 7/8/10, Mac OS X 10.x and MATLAB additionally allows to measure the delay until the video signal is transmitted over the air and
Bastian Bunsen 1EF85 This application note explains how to convert different Rohde & Schwarz I/Q file formats among each other using the supplied software tool. , iqtar, IQTAR, .iqw, .IQW, iqw, IQW, iq-tar, IQ-TAR, iq.tar, IQ.TAR, wv, WV, .iq.tar, .IQ.TAR, .wv, .WV, IQ, IQ-File, I/Q File, I/Q-File, I/Q, FSW, FSW-K7, FSW-K10, FSW-K70, FSW-K72, FSW-K82, FSW-K84, FSW-K100, FSW-K104, GSM, TD-SCDMA, LTE
Roland Minihold 1MA257 Generation of wideband digital modulated signals in V-band and above is a challenging task and typically requires a set of multiple instruments. This application note aims at simplifying the task and looks into the analysis part as well. Latest signal and spectrum analyzers like the R&S®FSW67 and R&S®FSW85 are first to allow use in V-band up to 67 GHz and E-band up to 85 GHz
Dr. St. Heuel, Dr. M. Simon, M. Kottkamp 1EF92 Verification of the spectrum allocation and in depth analysis of the transmitted signals is very important in many domains. For example, the IEEE 802.11ad standard makes use of approximately 2 GHz bandwidth in the 60 GHz frequency domain. Researchers and developers of Automotive radar discuss the 79 GHz frequency band with an available bandwidth of up
Roland Minihold 1MA224 This application note describes methods using an R&S®ZVA network analyzer, one or two R&S®SMB100A signal generators and an R&S®FSW signal analyzer to accurately measure all the key parameters of frequency converters with embedded local oscillator. A commercial satellite up-converter is used as a device under test example. ZVA, FSW, SMB, SMW, converter, satellite, group delay,
Florian Ramian 1EF77 This White Paper describes the implementation of real-time capabilities within the R&S ® FSW (with option K160R) and the R&S ® FSVR. It shows fields of application as well as the technical implementation. FSW, FSVR, Real-Time Spectrum Analysis, Real-Time, spectrum analyzer, spectrum analysis White Paper: Implementation of Real-Time Spectrum Analysis with R&S FSW and R&S FSVR Implementation
Harald Ibl, Christiane Klaus 7MH89 For cable TV, the "last mile" to the connection at the home is the bottleneck that prevents higher data rates. The last mile is made up of optical fiber and coaxial cables, amplifiers and electrical/optical converters. This mix of optical fiber and coaxial cables is known as a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network. One option for cable network providers to maximize both
The R&S ® SMW200A vector signal generator combined with the R&S ® FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and simple power amplifier testing including envelope tracking and digital predistortion, effectively replacing complex test setups. SMW200A, FSW SMW200A, FSW Your task An increasing number of power amplifiers (PA) support the envelope tracking (ET) technology in order to improve efficiency
Dr. Christian Hölzl 1DC01 Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when con-necting Windows®-based test instrumenta-tion to other computers via local area net-works (LANs), or using removable storage devices. This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compro-mised
H. Schmitt, F. Ramian 1EF55 IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) uses Offset QPSK with a half-sine pulse-shaping filter as modulation. This application note describes how to set up the Rohde & Schwarz signal analyzers together with the corresponding vector signal analysis (VSA) personality for modulation quality measurements, especially EVM, for ZigBee. Zigbee,EVM,FSW,FPS, FSV,FSV-K70,FSQ,FSQ-K70 EVM Measurements
Dieter Bues 1MA234 Current Radar development is focusing the area of signal processing. This is taken into account by this educational note, where the R&S ® SMW / SMBV instruments on the transmitter side and R&S ® FSW / FSV instruments on the receiver side are combined to a closed loop Radar system, performing radar detection by means of pulse compression and digital signal processing. Appropriate
Dr. Florian Ramian 1EF90 Test time is a critical parameter when it comes to evaluating the cost of test. This application note describes typical spectrum analyzer measurements in production environments and discusses different approaches to speed them up. FPS, FSW, FSV, SGT100A, SMW200A, SMBV100A, Speeding up measurements, Spectrum Analyzers, Rohde, Schwarz Speeding up Spectrum Analyzer Measurements
1MA208 This application note introduces the IVI High Speed LAN Instrument Protocol (HiSLIP) and outlines its features. HiSLIP is the successor to the VXI-11 LAN remote control protocol. This document also describes guidelines for using this protocol. CMW, CMW500, FSW, FPS, FSV, FSVR, ZNB, ZNC, RSC, SMBV, SMBV100A, SMA, SMA100A, SMB, SMB100A, SMB100B, SGS, SGS100A, FPS, ZNBT, RTO, RTE, SMW, SMW200A,
Dr. Steffen Heuel 1MA256 Radar test systems are essential in research, development, production and maintenance of radar systems. Most test systems measure single radar parameters or substitute components, but do not test the entire system including the antenna frontend. This application note presents a solution for testing the complete radar system which transmits any kind of radar signal by generating
Bernhard Schulz 1MA67 3GPP TS25.141 defines conformance tests for W-CDMA base stations (including HSPA+ features). This application note describes how transmitter (Tx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 6) can be performed quickly and easily by using signal and spectrum analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz. A few tests additionally require vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz. Example illustrates manual operation
Bernhard Schulz 1MA114 3GPP TS25.141 defines conformance tests for W-CDMA base stations (including HSPA+ features). This application note describes how all required receiver (Rx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 7) can be performed easily and quickly by using vector signal generators and CW sources from Rohde & Schwarz. One test additionally requires a spectrum analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz.Example illustrates
Carolin Troester-Schmid 1GP104 The R&S®SMW200A together with the R&S®FSW is a state of the art testing solution that significantly reduces the required hardware for testing power amplifiers with envelope tracking and/or digital pre-distortion. This application note introduces the test solution in detail and presents corresponding measurement examples. PA, PA test, envelope tracking, ET, DPD, digital
Schulz 1MA166 LTE-Advanced comprises multiple features enhancing the basic LTE technology firstly specified in 3GPP Release 8. LTE including the LTEAdvanced improvements was approved by ITU to comply with IMT-Advanced requirements and thus being a true 4G mobile communication system. The different technology components of LTE-Advanced have different market priorities and require different testing strategies
Roland Minihold 1MA217 This application note describes how to generate and analyze wideband digitally modulated signals in the mm-wave range. Rohde & Schwarz measuring equipment and some 3rd party off-the-shelf accessories are used for both signal generation and analysis. Measurement results are shown which demonstrate the typical performance for millimeter wave signals in terms of error vector magnitude
1EF62 This application note provides hints for implementing remote control programs using Rohde & Schwarz spectrum and network analyzers. The document makes suggestions for improved remote control performance and describes aspects of measurement synchronization in detail. Finally the document discusses some typical challenges of remote control in production test. Remote Control, Rohde & Schwarz, R&
Steffen Heuel 1EF88 Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar signals are often used in short range surveillance, altimeters and automotive radars. To ensure proper functionality, signal quality measures such as frequency linearity are of great importance. This application note focuses on fully automated, fast and accurate measurements, of linear FMCW radar signals. It explains the basic signal
Dieter Bues 1MA209 Welcome to our short video tutorials on how to test radars using Rohde & Schwarz test equipment. Access to most information about radar is pretty restricted, as many radar applications are military or secretive industrial research. To show you some basic Radar tests we have created RADAR demo tools, which functions at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, which is in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial
1MA152 For several years, automobile makers and government agencies have sought ways to improve safety on roadways and effectively manage traffic flow. As wireless communication systems are advancing, the vision of automobiles talking to each other and to roadside units is becoming a reality. These planned automotive wireless communication systems are known as ITS (Intelligent Transportation System
Dieter Bues 1MA226 This application note shows how to remote control the switching of RF and digital I/O signals by R&S®OSP Open Switch and Control Platform directly from a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) or from a Spectrum Analyzer (SA). The R&S®ZVA, R&S®ZVB, R&S®ZNB, R&S®FSW and R&S®FSV families are covered. The application note first describes the requirements and setup procedure. It is shown how
Klaus Lienhart 1MA236 This document describes how a Windows®-based R&S® T&M instrument is remotely operated by an Android™ tablet as if working on it locally. Step-by-step procedures are provided for setting up and configuring the T&M instrument and the tablet. On the tablet, a special App implements the Windows® 'Remote Desktop' functionality. T&M instrument and tablet are connected via WLAN (also
Replace extensive field tests on fast frequency hopping radios by simulating real-world radio link conditions in the lab FSV, FSW, RTO, SMU200A Replace extensive field tests on fast hopping radios by simulating real-world radio link conditions in the lab Your task Modern military communications systems based on software defined radios (SDR) utilize time-critical complex waveforms that can have extremely
The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the R&S®FSW-K160R realtime option and the R&S®FSW-K6 pulse measurement option is ideal for testing modern radars. FSW, FSW-K160R, K160R Simplified analysis of frequency agile radars Challenge Frequency agility techniques enable radars to quickly change modes of operation on a pulse-to-pulse basis. This can include a variety of system operation capabilities
Sander 1EF84 The constantly decreasing size of components and the available board space form a challenge to place adequate test connections for RF instruments. Recent improvements in the availability and use of high performance differential building blocks in RF circuits intensify the problems of connecting test equipment. Using oscilloscope probes is a possibility to perform measurements by connecting
Offering bandwidths up to 160 MHz, the signal generators and analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz are ideal for testing IEEE 802.11ac signals FSW, FSV, SMW200A, SMBV100A WLAN IEEE 802.11ac – Wideband Signal Testing Your task The WLAN IEEE 802.11ac standard aims to significantly increase data rates, opening up new use cases such as wireless displays with HD quality. To achieve a higher throughput, IEEE 802.11ac
1MA218 Software tools allow to make the control of T&M instruments more convenient. The adoption of the following tools for Windows®-based T&M instruments is described: ● Synergy:One mouse and one keyboard control a group of T&M instruments ● CamStudio:Video clips of the display of a T&M instrumentare recorded during operation AFQ100B, AMU200A, CMW270, CMW280, CMW500, ESCI, ESR, ESRP, FSMR, FSQ , FSU
The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the R&S®FSW-K160R realtime option enables wideband signal analysis and high probability of intercept. FSW, FSW-K160R, K160R The R&S FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the R&S FSW-K160R realtime option enables wideband signal analysis and high probability of intercept. Challenges Many of today’s advanced tactical radios utilize frequency hopping techniques
O.Gerlach 1MA028 IQWizard is a tool for loading IQ signal files in various formats and measuring IQ signals with a FSx spectrum analyzer or ESx Receiver. The obtained IQ data in memory can be stored in various formats or be transmitted to an R&S® vector signal generator with WinIQSIM™ or WinIQSIM2™. IQ, I/Q, Fileformat, Trace, TCP/IP, TCP, IP, IQWizard, Wizard, WinIQSIM, FSIQ, FSP, FSU, FSQ, FSL, FSG
1MA121 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) optimize UMTS for packet data services in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Together, they are referred to as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Within 3GPP Release 7, 8, 9 and 10, further improvements to HSPA have been specified in the context of HSPA+ or HSPA evolution. This Application Note describes
1MA210 LTE – the fastest growing mobile radio standard – had its beginnings in 3GPP Release 8. Initial improvements and new features were implemented in Release 9. This Application Note describes the T&M methods for LTE Release 9 features using Rohde & Schwarz instruments. SMU, SMU200A, AMU, AMU200A, SMBV, SMBV100A, CMW, CMW500, TS8990, FSW, FSQ, FSV, FSG, SMW, SMW200A, Generator, Signal Generator,
1MA187 Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is an integral part of 3GPP E-UTRA long term evolution (LTE). As part of MIMO, beamforming is also used in LTE. This application note provides a brief summary of the transmission modes (TM) in LTE and describes the beamforming measurements for base stations (BS) and user equipment (UE). The T&M options using various Rohde & Schwarz instruments
1MA221 RF physical layer specifications (such as 3GPP TS36.104) describe a variety of requirements that the end equipment needs to meet. This application note provides insight into some of these specifications and how test & measurement equipment can simplify the task of deriving requirements for RF sub-systems. LTE, TS36.104, SMU200A, SFU, SMJ100A, FSW, FSV,FSUP This application note provides insight
Klaus Lienhart 1MA216 This document describes how a Windows®-based R&S® T&M instrument is remotely operated by an Apple iPad as if working on it locally. Step-by-step procedures are provided for setting up and configuring the T&M instrument and the iPad. On the iPad, a special App implements the Windows® 'Remote Desktop' functionality. T&M instrument and iPad are connected via WLAN (also denoted as
1MA153 The aim of this application note is to provide information regarding Rohde & Schwarz instrument drivers. This paper shall help application engineers and software developers to easily get an understanding of advanced techniques to develop test and measurement (T&M) applications by utilizing Rohde & Schwarz instrument drivers. Furthermore the nomenclature used for Rohde & Schwarz instrument drivers
1MA170 This white paper introduces a novel attribute based architecture for VXIplug&play instrument drivers. The presented architecture uses the attribute based concept of IVI-C instrument drivers to introduce a two-layer design for VXIplug&play instrument drivers. Moreover the use of attributes is shown for the Rohde & Schwarz Spectrum Analyzer (rsspecan) instrument driver. Remote Control, Instrument
Michael Simon 1MA219 This white paper describes the interaction between intermodulation products generated by a device under test (DUT) and intermodulation products generated internally in a spectrum analyzer. The overall intermodulation distortion may be too optimistic or pessimistic. Examples demonstrating cancelling IM products and necessary steps to avoid an influence of the spectrum analyzer on
Bernhard Schulz 1MA206 This document provides an introduction to SDR as used for military radios and presents the relevant T&M solutions offered by Rohde & Schwarz . SDR, Software Defined Radio, Military, SMU, SMU200A, SMJ, SMJ100A, SMBV, SMBV100A, AMU, AMU200A, SMB100B, AFQ, AFQ100A/B, SMA, SMA100A, SMB, SMB100A, SMC, SMC100A, SMF, SMF100A, SGS, SGS100A, FSW, FSQ, FSV, FSUP, FSMR, FSG, FSVR, FSL,
1MA127 The scope of the subject “radar” has expanded in the recent years in terms of its technical evolution and spreading of applications. This application note along with its corresponding white paper 1MA207 show how to use the R&S radar product portfolio to tackle test and measurement tasks in modern radar technology. Target groups are students who want to become familiar with radar issues as well
1MA72 This Application Note presents means to integrate R&S Test and Measurement instruments into the Agilent ® ADS ® Design System. Methods to include R&S Instruments are presented, accompanied by a free-of-charge software solution which is provided with this application note. It makes it very easy to include R&S Instruments into your ADS environment and your design flow. Versions for both WINDOWS
1MA178 This application note describes in detail the steps required to make a noise figure measurement on a spectrum analyzer using the “Y Factor” technique. Background equations are presented for each step of the calculation. In addition, guidelines are provided to ensure a repeatable measurement. Measurement uncertainty is then reviewed, including contributions due to the noise source, analyzer,
1EF83 This application notes introduces the Multi-Standard Radio Analyzer function of the R&S ® FSW and shows how it performs the measurement on multi-standard radio transmitters. It reveals interactions caused by the coexistence of signals of different cellular standards and localizes the root cause. With an example of a base station signal consisting of three radio access technologies (GSM/WCDMA/
1EF80 The measurement speed for spurious signal measurements is mainly defined by the spectrum analyzer sweep speed. With traditional swept spectrum analyzers and tight spurious limits the measurement can easily take hours or even a full day. This application note describes the differences in sweep speed between swept spectrum analyzers and modern spectrum analyzers with a wide-band FFT process, and
1MA198 3GPP Release 9 Technical Specification (TS) 37.141 covers multistandard radio base station conformance testing. Multistandard radio includes four standards of mobile communications: GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, and LTE. This application note introduces the concept of multistandard radio base stations as well as solutions for transmitter and receiver tests based on Rohde & Schwarz signal generators
1EF79 This Application Note describes the differences in intermodulation distortion measurements between traditional spectrum analyzers with analog narrow-band IF signal path and modern spectrum analyzers using a wide-band IF signal path and digital RBW filters. FSW,FSV,Intermodulation Distortion,TOI,IP3,IMD Intermodulation Distortion Measurements on Modern Spectrum Analyzers Intermodulation Distortion
1EF78 This Application Note focuses on measurement of harmonics using modern spectrum analyzers. It highlights the source of harmonics before focusing on their measurement using a spectrum analyzer. The Application Note also explains the benefits of the R&S FSW’s high pass filter option for harmonic measurements. Harmonic Measurement,FSW,FSW-B13,SHI,IP2,IPk2 Measurement of Harmonics using Spectrum
1MA193 This application note highlights various aeronautical radio navigation signals such as VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR), instrument landing system (ILS) for glide slope (GS) and localizer (LLZ), as well as marker beacon (MB). Rohde & Schwarz test and measurement solutions for avionics navigation equipment are introduced based on application scenarios, including calibration, research and
1EF69 This application note gives a short summary on the Allan variance as a measure of frequency stability and an example on how to calculate it, with measurement results from R&S spectrum analyzers. A software program to sample data from R&S spectrum analyzers and calculate the Allan variance is available. FSUP,FSU,FSQ,FSP,FSV,FSW,Allan Variance,Oscillator stability,Phase Noise Time Domain Oscillator
