Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
1096 Results
This White Paper provides a more detailed view on radar waveforms for Aerospace and Defence and commercial radar systems. Waveforms such as pulse and pulse-Doppler signal, continuous wave and frequency shift keying waveforms are described. It also shows continuous waveform trends designed for specific needs and application differences of continuous wave radar compared to pulse radar systems.
31-Aug-2015 | AN-No. 1MA239
This application note describes how to generate GSM signals for wide ranging receiver tests under fading conditions for GSM/GPRS/Edge. The test setup requires an R&S®CMU Radio Communication Tester with IQ-IF interface option CMU-B17 and an R&S®SMIQ vector signal generator or baseband fading simulator ABFS for generating GSM. The GSMFadLevCor program included with this application note performs a semi automatic level correction of the power fed to the Device Under Test (DUT).
28-Aug-2009 | AN-No. 1MA60
The specialized R&S®MULTI-MOTION test sequences offered by the R&S®DVSG Digital Video Signal Generator permit a reproducible quality analysis of deinterlacing and motion portrayal for digital television (TV) displays. This makes it possible to study all potential degradations resulting from the progressive conversion separately. It also allows the various motion artefacts resulting from liquid crystal (LCD), plasma (PDP), and digital micromirror (DMD) technologies to be quantified. This application note explains how to draw specific conclusions from the sequence output on the test display.
01-Dec-2008 | AN-No. 7BM74
The Bluetooth® wireless standard has been an unparalleled success. It has found its way into virtually all smartphones, PCs, cars, entertainment hardware and wearables. Bluetooth SIG reports that more than 8 billion devices are currently in use. Bluetooth supports Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and direction finding methods, making it a sure bet for the future as well.This white paper summarizes the various Bluetooth technologies with a focus on the physical layer in line with core specification version 5.1.
05-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1MA108
This application note shows how to use Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and analyzers for testing early 5G New Radio components, chipsets and devices. Methods for easy creation and analysis of custom OFDM are explained. The solution provides● a single user interface for signal generation and analysis configuration● Flexible OFDM configuration and signal generation incl. flexible pilot and data allocation● User defined modulation schemes including complex scenarios, e.g. 5G NR PSS
23-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1MA308
The Universal Radio Communication Tester R&S®CMU200 can perform most of the CDMA2000®1xEV-DO access terminal (AT) tests specified in the standard IS-866-A on its own. Some tests require additional instruments. This application note shows how to perform these tests easily with the remote-control software CMUgo, using the R&S®CMU200 in combination with R&S®SMU, R&S®AMU, R&S®SMJ or R&S®SML signal generators, and R&S®FSQ, R&S®FSU, R&S®FSP, R&S®FSL or R&S®FSMR spectrum analyzers.
05-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1MA123
RTH, EN 50160 standard, Scope Rider, RTH-K34, RTH-K15 Providing eight test instruments in one rugged, battery-operated device, the R&S®RTH handheld digital oscilloscope is a flexible and powerful solution for this application. Measuring power quality in electrical installations RTH, EN 50160 standard, Scope Rider, RTH-K34, RTH-K15 Providing eight test instruments in one rugged, battery-operated device
25-Aug-2017
This application note provides basic information about frequency and phase settling time measurements and how the measurement is implemented inside modern phase noise analyzers.Measurement examples show the possibilities of this measurement feature and help the user to understand and use this method.
28-Jun-2018 | AN-No. 1EF102
Vector signals at microwave frequencies can easily be generated by the direct upconversion of I/Q baseband signals. A versatile and cost-efficient solution consists of an R&S®SMF100A microwave signal generator combined with a baseband source (e.g. the R&S®AFQ100A) and an external I/Q mixer. This application note describes how to perform the frequency upconversion.
28-Jul-2009 | AN-No. 1GP76
Radar technology is essential for state-of-the art and future vehicles on the path to full autonomous driving. Radar sensors deliver critical information about the surrounding traffic environment or monitor the interior of the vehicle. As safety-relevant parts, radar sensors must adhere to specifications and regulations.
12-Dec-2022
conducted conformance testing according to TS 38.141-1, Rel. 15
3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes how all mandatory RF receiver tests (TS 38.141-1, chapter 7), according to Release 15, can be performed quickly and conveniently with signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz by either choosing manual operation or a remote control approach. Moreover, one test case requires a signal or spectrum analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz which is highlighted seperately in the corresponding chapter.In Addition, a new Python software library comes with this application note to enable the remote control approach of base station testing. This example requires the RsInstrument module which can be found on pypi.org or installed via 'pip' and is provided as is.
02-Dec-2020 | AN-No. GFM314
This application note provides information how to perform noise figure measurements under pulsed or bursted conditions with spectrum analyzers and noise sources, and introduce the capabilities of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.
28-Jun-2018 | AN-No. 1EF103
Connecting simulation and measurements on physical devices
This application note is based on collaborative work between MathWorks® and Rohde & Schwarz. The focus is on linearization of a non-linear device, in our case the RF power amplifier. It is shown how simulation and the integrated functions of the Rohde & Schwarz instruments R&S®SMW200A and R&S®FSW work hand-in-hand with the simulation capabilities from MathWorks in MATLAB / Simulink. The goal is to provide a toolset to enable proper modeling and linearization approaches to optimize and verify the behavior of the power amplifier when used with complex wideband signals as used in 5G NR or latest satellite links.The application note brings code examples and an exemplary block set for MATLAB / Simulink to provide an easy start to replicate and use the described procedure.
05-Aug-2021 | AN-No. 1SL371
Application Note 1MA68 has been replaced by .
10-Dec-2008 | AN-No. 1MA68
The CMD 57/59 output level for BER measurement can be calibrated to high accuracy to match GSM 11.21, (with modulated signals and adjacent timeslots + 50 dB above the used timeslot) using a simple test setup containing an NRVD power meter and an FSE spectrum analyzer.
10-Mar-2000 | AN-No. 1MA24
Two R&S®ETL TV analyzers or two R&S®ETC compact TV analyzers are used to measure the receive level of a car antenna against that of a reference antenna. The R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software exports measured data for display in Google Earth.
19-Feb-2015
The converters offered for the R&S® ZVA family extend the vector network analyzers' frequency range to include the millimeter-wave range (EHF band). This Application Note describes the R&S® ZVA-Z110 converters. They cover the W band (75 GHz to 110 GHz). Several measurement examples are included, explaining in detail how to configure a converter-based vector network analyzer system.
09-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ55
Modern radio communication systems have to provide higher and higher data rates. As conventional methods like using more bandwidth or higher order modulation types are limited, new methods of using the transmission channel have to be used. Multiple antenna systems (Multiple Input, Multiple Output – MIMO) gives a significant enhancement to data rate and channel capacity. This application note gives an introduction to basic MIMO concepts and terminology and explains how MIMO is implemented in different radio communications standards.
02-Jul-2009 | AN-No. 1MA142
With recent enhancements in semiconductor technology the microwave frequency range beyond 50 GHz becomes more and more attractive especially for wideband communication applications like 802.11ad, microwave links or automotive RADAR. Low phase noise is essential for these applications to work properly. Accurate measurement of phase noise is needed to improve the performance. However, test setups at these frequencies become difficult, especially when cross correlation of two receive paths is needed to suppress additional phase noise added by the local oscillators or mixer stages. Two external harmonic mixers in combination with a commercially available phase noise tester are used for phase noise analysis. Signal sources with frequencies up to 500 GHz can theoretically be measured with this setup.
05-Feb-2018 | AN-No. 1EF101
In digital wireless communication systems one or multiple users are assigned to a physical RF channel. With analog systems only one user per carrier is possible. Output spectrum of the transmitter has to be restricted to the assigned channel in order to avoid interference with the neighbor channels. With the switch over to digital modulation formats more user per channel are possible. They share one channel by using only part of the time for transmission (Time Division Multiplex Access, TDMA) or by coding the transmission by orthogonal sequences for distinction to other users (Code Division Multiples Access, CDMA). Beneath the restriction of modulation spectrum with TDMA systems also time behavior of the transmitted signal is critical. One reason is that in a multi-user situation only one user is allowed to transmit within his assigned time slots. Another reason is that by switching a carrier on and off spectrum of the transmitter splatters and causes additional interference in other RF channels.
17-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF32
The R&S®QPS millimeterwave security scanner delivers the most accurate measurement results in 1.5 to 2.5 s. The instantaneous scan requires only 64 ms, or five times faster than the blink of an eye, virtually eliminating the ambiguous readings that occur due to accidental movement with the longer scan time of other imaging technology.
22-Jan-2019
Trace minimum hold function with the R&S®MNT100, R&S®PR200, R&S®PR100 and R&S®DDF007
15-Jul-2019
Create and simulate detailed traffic situations for the verification of cellular V2X (C-V2X) connectivity
30-Jun-2022
With the extension of the 3GPP FDD system to include HSDPA, the HS-DPCCH has been added as a new code channel in the uplink. This Application Note describes the transmitter measurements provided by the CMU200 to perform the transmitter measurements defined in TS 34.121 in presence of the HS-DPCCH. CMU200 receiver measurements according to TS 34.121 that measure the throughput and the CQI reporting are described. Subject to change – T. Braun, November 2005 - 1CM62
25-Nov-2005 | AN-No. 1CM62
Modulation Analyzers FMA (up to 1.36 GHz) and FMB (up to 5 GHz) are high-grade FM demodulators from Rohde & Schwarz with highly stable synthesizer, low-noise FM demodulator, automatic frequency tuning and fine-tuning, separation of AM from FM,all of which make Analyzers FMA/FMB ideal for phase noise measurements.
03-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1EF15
The impedance of real-world passive components depends on frequency, signal level and DC bias. This has to be taken into account during circuit design. The R&S®LCX LCR meter is ideal for measuring these dependencies. The R&S®LCX sweep tool is an application program for conveniently performing such sweeps and displaying the results on charts.
17-Mar-2022
Today’s digital designs and high-speed data converters require clean clocks with minimal jitter
03-Aug-2017
Testing the tolerance to phase and impulsive noise is an integral part of quality tests for DVB-T/H and ATSC (8VSB) receivers, and several national and international standards specify guidelines and minimum requirements in this context. This Application Note introduces the R&S SFU-K42 impulsive noise option, the R&S SFU-K41 phase noise option, as well as the R&S SFU-K43 multinoise use option and describes how these can be used for testing the tolerance to phase and impulsive noise on commercial receivers.
26-Jan-2007 | AN-No. 7BM64