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Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
1104 Results
The introduction of the transmission of compressed TV signals to MPEG2 and DVB for cable, satellite and terrestrial (COFDM) lead to the creation of many abbreviations that have to be explained to the “uninitiated”. In the previous three lines, three abbreviations whose meanings are not obvious have already been mentioned. A table explaining what these abbreviations mean is therefore essential.
20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM27
For several years, automobile makers and government agencies have sought ways to improve safety on roadways and effectively manage traffic flow. As wireless communication systems are advancing, the vision of automobiles talking to each other and to roadside units is becoming a reality. These planned automotive wireless communication systems are known as ITS (Intelligent Transportation System). This paper will provide an overview of the current status of the ITS worldwide with a focus on the IEEE 802.11p PHY. Additionally, the paper provides information on test and measurement solutions for devices and components used in ITS.
23-Jan-2014 | AN-No. 1MA152
The R&S MATLAB® Toolkit for R&S® NRP-Z Sensors provides routines for remote controlling these instruments via USB or the R&S® NRP Power Meter. This application note describes how to access the sensors using the R&S® VXI PnP driver. It also contains a set of scripts that perform commonly needed tasks, such as opening a sensor connection or performing measurements.
05-Mar-2011 | AN-No. 1GP61
Rohde & Schwarz offers a complete test solution for WiMAX applications by combining its Signal Generator R&S SMU200A and Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ plus the appropriate options. This application note provides an overview of the differences between OFDM and OFDMA and demonstrates, how convenient it is to generate and analyze WiMAX OFDMA signals according to standard IEEE 802.16e-2005.
23-May-2007 | AN-No. 1EF58
This Application Note briefly explains the theoretical background regarding phase noise before describing the phase noise option for the R&S SFU. You will see how the phase noise profile creator application software can be used to generate specific phase noise curves and how to output them with the aid of the R&S SFU.
22-Aug-2007 | AN-No. 7BM63
Using a Vector Network Analyzer from the ZVR family, not only magnitude and phase can be measured, but also group delay and even phase delay. Whereas phase delay measurements produce the highest accuracy for the electrical length of non-dispersive devices under test, such as coaxial cables, group delay measurements also give a detailed insight into the frequency dependent delay characteristics of dispersive devices, such as filters. In addition to the traditional step aperture technique, Vector Network Analyzers from the ZVR family offer a frequency aperture technique, which allows a well defined and constant aperture for group delay measurements also for a nonlinear frequency sweep.
28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ35
For establishing a WLAN connection between R&S®CMW and device under test (DUT), the WLAN properties at the R&S®CMW have to be adapted to the test conditions. These can vary in several aspects, particularly due to the different WLAN standards and characteristics of the DUT. This document describes the critical parameters and provides step-by-step procedures for the configuration.
08-Dec-2015 | AN-No. 1C106
With IT and OT environments converging, security concerns relating to devices and applications deployed in networked test labs, especially in T&M environments, are growing. The demands on IT security here are manifold and include, for example, remote access to in-house infrastructures, equipment rented from external providers, and the continuous deployment of devices across different time zones.
18-Oct-2022
How I/Q noise cancellation can help significantly improve the EVM performance of your signal and spectrum analyzer.
16-Nov-2023
A collection of frequently occurring customer questions on using the ZVR analyzer, calibration, virtual transform networks, and additional applications.
23-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EZ38
Most of the tests specified in standard TS 34.121 that 3GPP WCDMA user equipment (UE) has to fulfill can be performed solely by the Universal Radio Communication Tester CMU200 universal radio communication tester. Other tests, however, require additional instruments for generating one or more interfering signals, for fading setup or for high dynamic spectrum analysis. This application note shows how easy it is to perform these tests with the remote-control software CMUgo, using the CMU200 in combination with R&S signal generators and R&S spectrum analyzers.
09-Dec-2008 | AN-No. 1MA130
The R&S®CMX500 radio communication tester is ideal for analyzing VoNR and VoLTE voice quality and performance in mobile devices.
21-Feb-2023
MobiDemo is an application software for controlling a combination of Generator SMIQ and Analyzer FSE/ FSE-B7 or FSIQ. MobiDemo offers a convenient user interface to facilitate testing of components used in digital mobile radio systems, for instance amplifiers or filters. The software can handle the GSM, PHS, IRIDIUM, IS-95 and W-CDMA standards. The corresponding test signals can be activated on SMIQ with a few keystrokes and mouse clicks. FSE/FSIQ is set up in accordance with SMIQ and analyzes signals in the modulation analysis or adjacent-channel power measurement mode. The settings for SMIQ and FSE/FSIQ are transferred via the IEC/IEEE bus.
09-Jul-1999 | AN-No. 1MA11
Increasing demands on power distribution networks have resulted in smaller DC rails, as well as a proliferation of rails that ensure clean power reaches the pins of integrated circuits.
07-Mar-2017
This application note describes how to connect a communication tester CMU200 with B-17 (IQ-IF interface option) to a ABFS fading simulator with B-49 dynamic fading option (3GPP) for generating signals under fading conditions. An additional program performs a semi automatic level correction of power fed to the user equipment.
25-Jun-2008 | AN-No. 1MA54
Offering bandwidths up to 160 MHz, the signal generators and analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz are ideal for testing IEEE 802.11ac signals
27-Jun-2013
This application note describes how to convert GPS routes from NMEA 0183 file format to waypoint files that can be used by the R&S®SMU200A Vector Signal Generator.
26-Sep-2008 | AN-No. 1MA133
The Doherty Amplifier continues to be rolled out in an increasing number of TxFE (Transmit Frontend) applications, as the quasi-linear amplifier architecture of choice.The advent of 5G, with its inevitable microwave or millimeter wave air interface, increase the design challenges associated with its construction; not least of all because of the potential for increased dispersion in the constituent amplifiers and combiners.This application note describes a measurement-based development methodology by which the Doherty Amplifier may be enhanced, increasing performance and/or performance bandwidth. This methodology is supported with a working example.The methodology may also be extended to balanced, spatially combined and anti-phase (so called "pushpull" or "differential") amplifiers, the latter often itself nested in Doherty configurations.The R&S®Quickstep sequencing software may be downloaded from:
26-Sep-2016 | AN-No. 1MA279
Taking the R&S ESR EMI test receiver as an example, this paper looks at a CISPR 16-1-1- compliant test instrument with time domain scanning capabilities. The paper compares the measurement speed and level measurement accuracy of a conventional stepped frequency scan versus an advanced FFT-based time domain scan. It also contains guidance on making optimum use of time domain scans.
29-Jan-2014 | AN-No. 1EE24
Assessing the functionality and performance of 5G VoNR service
30-Jun-2021
The measurement speed for spurious signal measurements is mainly defined by the spectrum analyzer sweep speed. With traditional swept spectrum analyzers and tight spurious limits the measurement can easily take hours or even a full day. This application note describes the differences in sweep speed between swept spectrum analyzers and modern spectrum analyzers with a wide-band FFT process, and how this improves the measurement speed for general spurious measurement.
10-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1EF80
All types of information transmission, including the 'one-way' transmission used in broadcasting, involve feeding a radio frequency (RF) signal to an antenna. This is the essence of the most basic type of transmitter used to emit electromagnetic waves. In the real world, however, a transmitter used for broadcast applications, for example, is much more complex in terms of its functions and design. The different transmitter components must be carefully coordinated. There are many quality parameters that are critical in ensuring that a proper output signal is delivered. Rohde & Schwarz designed the R&S® ETL TV analyzer especially for broadcasting applications. The analyzer allows the measurement of the quality parameters that are relevant in analog and digital broadcasting. This Application Note describes the typical quality measurements performed during compliance testing of TV transmitters. The approach discussed here is based on the example of Rohde & Schwarz terrestrial transmitters for analog TV and DVB-T/H.
19-Sep-2007 | AN-No. 7BM67
Sequencer Software Tool
20-Feb-2015
In high-speed digital measurement applications, test fixtures are commonly used to connect devices under test to measurement equipment. Characterization, and analysis in the time and frequency domains that accounts for various constraints helps to remove the influence of these fixtures.
23-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL393
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB 3.2 Legacy Cable Testing for USB Type A, Type B, and Micro family connector types. Based on 5 Gbps and 10 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
09-Nov-2023 | AN-No. 1SL408
Signaling checks, DSMCC object carousel analysis and fault localization all in one instrument: R&S®DVMS, R&S®DVM or R&S®ETL
28-Dec-2012
Noise sources used for noise figure and gain measurements are typically controlled by the spectrum analyzer or noise figure meter instruments and are calibrated with their ENR value (Excess noise ratio). While this external control and the use of ENR values is common in noise figure test, it may be difficult in system applications where the noise source control is not available, and the use of ENR values is replaced with the values for the noise output power of the noise source. The calculation of the output power for the noise source requires to know the P_hot value (hot power) which is not a common specification for noise sources used in test and measurement applications.This application note describes a technique to perform a calibrated noise power measurement (P_hot) with spectrum analyzers and noise sources. The next sections will give further details.
31-May-2022 | AN-No. 1EF113
Describtion and explanation of the MPEG and DVB-Standards and TV T&M
10-Dec-2011 | AN-No. 7BM_ADD01
Embedded power supplies combine traditional power supply components with multiple sensors, processing and control logic as well as digital communications interfaces. Test equipment for debugging requires isolated input channels for measurements of hazardous voltages. Additional digital channels support the analysis of digital signals, while trigger and decode capabilities are essential for time-correlated monitoring of serial protocol-based communications interfaces.
26-Apr-2016
In addition to frequency, power and long-term stability, short-term stability or its equivalent, phase noise, is an important characteristic of signal sources. For example, the phase noise of conversion oscillators of receivers obtained in the presence of a strong signal determines adjacent-channel sensitivity. In the case of transmitters, the phase noise of the oscillator together with the modulator characteristics is responsible for the power generated in adjacent channels. The phase noise of oscillators or synthesizers and the relevant measurements therefore play an important role in radio transmission systems.
16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF16