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Describes all instrument functions and remote control commands, as well as measurement and programming examples.

English - 27/03/2026

Provides the basic information required for remote control connections via SCPI.

English - 16/07/2025

RSCommander is a versatile software tool for a wide range of Rohde & Schwarz spectrum-, network analyzers, signal generators and oscilloscopes. It allows for automatic instrument discovery, making screenshots, reading traces, file transfer and simple script creation.

English - 24/12/2017

Full RF component characterization using a single RF connection.

English - 10/11/2025

With continuously increasing data rates, signal integrity in high speed digital designs becomes more and more demanding

English - 08/07/2022

The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer with integrated LO output and direct IF input options is a simple, cost-effective solution for 2-port and 4-port measurements using Rohde & Schwarz mmWave converters.

English - 19/07/2021

A Fabry-Pérot open resonator (FPOR) provided by QWED allows dielectric sheets to be accurately characterized in the frequency range from 110 GHz to 170 GHz using just one fixture.

English - 14/01/2025

Provides information on security issues when working with R&S®ZNA in secure areas.

English - 08/09/2022

Describes the health and utilization monitoring service (HUMS).

English - 05/09/2025

The R&S®ZVA-Zxxx and R&S®ZCxxx mmWave converters extend the R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer frequency range up to 1.1 THz.

English - 27/02/2025

For measurements of non-connectorized devices, test fixtures, probes or other structures are used to adapt from the coaxial interface of the test setup to the device under test (DUT). For accurate measurements of the DUT, these lead-ins and lead-outs need to be characterized, so that their effects can be mathematically removed, i.e. de-embedded from the measurement results.This application note provides practical hints to accurately characterize and de-embed these lead-in and lead-out structures with R&S Vector Network Analyzers ZNA, ZNB, ZNBT and ZND. As de-embedding is also essential in other test equipment like oscilloscopes, etc., this guide also describes, how lead-ins and lead-outs can be accurately characterized with a VNA and then exported as an S-Parameter file to be used by other test instruments.

English - 19/09/2022

English - 31/07/2024

PAM-4 (4-level pulse amplitude modulation) has been introduced in high-speed serial data technology to reduce the bandwidth demands of ultra-high data rates. It uses only half the bandwidth per bit that would be required of conventional NRZ (non-return to zero) modulation. But at the same time, PAM-4 signaling complicates design and test at every turn. Evaluation of channels is now just as important to system development as serializer / deserializer (SerDes) testing and the challenges presented require a higher level of test and measurement performance than ever before. This paper investigates the evaluation complexities of PAM-4 interconnects at high data rates.

English - 22/10/2020

Many applications in aerospace and defense as well as in mobile communication require a defined magnitude and phase relation between several signals, for example, to design a smart antenna array and it's distribution network, or to ensure accurate phase alignment between different transmitter or receiver chains of T/R modules. Magnitude can be measured with spectrum analyzers or power meters. For phase measurements, a vector network analyzer is the easiest, fastest and most accurate instrument.This application note shows how to measure the phase accurately between several signals using vector network analyzers of the R&S®ZNA, R&S®ZNB and R&S®ZNBT families.

English - 11/07/2019

Harmonic load pull measurements explore potential device efficiency to find the best design topology.

English - 17/04/2023

RF engineers are increasingly confronted with the task of characterizing devices operating in the mmWave range. The vector network analyzer (VNA) R&S ZNA, along with R&S or RPG ZC<xxx> mmWave converters, provides a broad range of measurement solutions fulfilling this task. This application note is intended to provide help for choosing the right measuring instruments and accessories, interconnecting them correctly, setting up the instruments, calibrating them and finally obtaining measurement results.Both linear and nonlinear measurement quantities are covered. In both categories, one further distinguishes between devices that do not change the frequency of the input signal (e.g. transmission lines, attenuators, amplifiers) and those that do (e.g. mixers, frequency multipliers). Generally, the complexity of setup and calibration is higher in the latter case.The ZNA user interface is designed to assist the user with defining the wanted measurement quantities and their associated parameters like source power, LO frequency, and tone distance for two-tone measurements. It shows the needed setup schematically and proposes how to calibrate this setup including all necessary steps. Many common pitfalls lurking when calibration is completely done manually are avoided by automatic compilation of the calibration.Following this concept, the chapters of this application note first give a brief description of the characterization quantities treated in the chapter, then outline the measurement setup, take a look at calibration and provide examples of measurement results as they appear on the ZNA display.

English - 29/04/2026

This application note describes Methods of Implementations (MOI) for precise, fast and error-free compliance testing of high-speed backplanes and direct attach copper cables (DAC) according to InfiniBand EDR and HDR specifications, based on 25 Gb/s and 50 Gb/s signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.

English - 07/04/2021

Frequency converters e.g. in satellite transponders need to be characterized not only in terms of amplitude transmission but also in terms of phase transmission or group delay, especially with the transition to digital modulation schemes. They often do not provide access to the internal local oscillators. This application note describes a method using the R&S®ZNA analyzer family to measure group delay of mixers and frequency converters with an embedded local oscillator very accurately. The key aspect of this new technique is that the network analyzer applies a 2-tone signal to the frequency converter. By measuring the phase differences between the two signals at the input and at the output, it calculates group delay and relative phase.

English - 11/07/2019

English - 29/04/2026

The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer enables high-power amplifier testing under real operating conditions.

English - 14/07/2025

Provides the information required to prepare the instrument for use and start working.

English - 27/03/2026

Vector network analyzers are the most accurate instruments in the microwave engineer’s lab. The R&S®ZNA takes accuracy to a new level. Not only is the instrument extremely precise, but now it also calculates and displays the measurement uncertainty right on the screen as the device under test is being measured.

English - 19/07/2021