A high frequency transformer is a key component when designing isolated switching mode power supplies (SMPS). Leakage inductance is essential in the control of many design parameters including efficiency, maximum voltage rating for switching elements and EMI when it comes to designs using customized transformers. Accurate measurement of this parasitic element is mandatory. The R&S®LCX LCR meter is ideal for this challenging measurement task.

15-Feb-2022

Rohde & Schwarz offers RF solid-state amplifiers for various frequencies ranging from 9 kHz to 6 GHz and delivering CW power up to 80 kW.

27-Apr-2016

Alibi verification with cellular network analysis

10-Apr-2024

This application note aims to explain test procedures and characterization of the relevant parameters for active phased array antennas.

04-Jul-2016 | AN-No. 1MA248

This document is divided in two parts and starts with an introduction in AC-DC conversion principles in general. It will present the most common circuits used for different power levels. The switching mode power supply (SMPS) converter will be the main focus as they are used everywhere in the electronics. Especially the flyback converter design in different flavors are highlighted. Nevertheless, all measurements are also applicable for other SMPS converter designs operating at higher power levels.In the second part of this document, most relevant testing methods and procedures of an AC-DC converter are highlighted. For each testing section, a fundamental part will be upfront discussed and it is followed by a presentation of a suitable measurement method. In this second part, the device under test (DUT) is considered as black box device and thus the structure is similar. Therefore, the testing parts consists of methods related to input tests, output tests and a combination of both like efficiency. Of course, some test performed at the output of the converter are also relevant for DC-DC converter, e.g. the validation of the output ripple.

14-Nov-2022 | AN-No. 1SL387

Machine learning use cases like network utilization rating and call stability score extract insights from network data analytics enabling network optimization

28-Feb-2024 | AN-No. 8NT10

CDMA2000® Base Station Test with R&S Equipment

05-Sep-2003 | AN-No. 1MA61

The R&S®RTH-K38 user scripting software option makes the R&S®ScopeRider RTH handheld oscilloscope a powerful tool for maintenance and service applications.

06-May-2020

RF system noise contributions define receiver capabilities and sensitivity. The noise figure measures how the critical components affect the signal.

28-Jan-2022

Security through technology - the R&S®QPS quick personnel security scanners are specifically designed to make people screening at security checkpoints faster, more effective and comfortable.

23-Jan-2019

ANSI/SCTE 40 Conformance Testing Using the R&S SFU, R&S SFE and R&S SFE100

29-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 7BM68

Generation and Analysis of ZigBee™ IEEE802.15.4 signals in the 2.4 GHz band

21-Jun-2007 | AN-No. RSI03

The topic of this application note is mobile phone measurements – in theory and in practice. It discusses measurements according to the most common standard in use today, GSM.

22-Aug-2014 | AN-No. 1MA231

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) brings the future to life in 6G

11-Mar-2024

CDMA2000®: Packet Data Testing with R&S CMU200

25-Apr-2007 | AN-No. 1CM51

Welcome to this introductory video show about the R&S ZVA family of network analyzers.

13-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 1MA50

Remote Operation of R&S Instruments Using Remote Desktop Connection via LAN

05-Jul-2007 | AN-No. RAC-0703-0029

Firewall configuration for R&S DVM

23-Nov-2004 | AN-No. 7BM46

Operating Guide for WCDMA Test Setup according to 3GPP TS34.121

15-Apr-2009 | AN-No. 1CM71

This application note explains how to setup R&S®AdVISE to monitor the temperature of an EUT by using an infrared camera.

14-Sep-2020 | AN-No. 1S008

Monitoring on up to 10 000 channels with different parameter settings

13-Jul-2012

LTE beamforming can be accurately tested with one or more R&S®RTO digital oscilloscopes for a 1×2, 1×4 or even a 1×8 MIMO system.

08-Aug-2024

Test of DVB-H Capable Mobile Phones in Development and Production

07-Apr-2005 | AN-No. 1MA91

This paper describes the characterization of aluminum electrolytic capacitors specifically used in AC-DC power converter applications. It will be discussed why this capacitor technology is critical regarding lifetime and why it cannot be substituted simply by any another capacitor technology. Different aging effects of the capacitor will be discussed. Usage of the capacitor in different AC-DC converter topologies will be presented. Simulation circuits will be used to analyze the capacitor in more detail before suitable measurements will be performed to demonstrate a real example of a switching-mode power supply (SMPS).After the introduction into the aluminum electrolytic capacitor basics and theory, this paper will also present all important and possible measurements of capacitor parameters, like capacitance, equivalent series resistance (ESR) and ripple current. This includes in-circuit measurement which can be performed with an oscilloscope. An LCR-bridge is used to obtain high accuracy measurements in addition. A comparison between the two measurement methods will be presented. Furthermore, the required measurement hardware for the in-circuit measurements and the bridge measurement will be discussed and presented.Lastly, two different lifetime calculation methods are presented and a real example is used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods.Thanks to Mr. Frank Puhane from Würth eiSos GmbH & Co. KG who provided me with all aluminum electrolytic capacitor samples including the prepared capacitor with build-in temperature sensors to perform all measurements. Furthermore, his great expertise was very beneficial and helpful to create this premium application note.

07-Feb-2023 | AN-No. 1SL388

RF Level Measurement Uncertainties with the Measuring Receiver R&S FSMR

28-Mar-2006 | AN-No. 1MA92

For measurement settings below 10 mV/div, oscilloscopes typically reduce the measurement bandwidth in order to keep the trace noise as low as possible. The R&S®RTO is different: It offers the full bandwidth even for the most sensitive settings, and an A/D converter with more than 7 effective bits (ENOB) digitizes the signal.

13-Jul-2012

VAMOS Technology Introduction

17-Aug-2011 | AN-No. 1MA181

Use R&S®RTP high-performance oscilloscopes and the R&S®VSE-K6A phased array measurement option for analyzing deceptive jamming techniques and automating jamer testing.

12-Jul-2021

Three-port on-wafer mixer measurements up to the THz range on MPI probe stations

14-Aug-2025

Measurements on PCS1900 Mobile Stations According to J-STD-007

01-Nov-1996 | AN-No. 1EF22