Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
734 Results
This Application Note describes measurements on RFID readers and chipcards according to ISO/IEC 14443 and similar standards, using a signal generator and a spectrum analyzer. Using a modern spectrum analyzer like the R&S®FSL not only increases accuracy and measurement speed, but also simplifies operation. Interoperability tests, in particular, are simplified by generating reader test signals with a signal generator. With software option R&S®SMx/AMU/AFQ-K6 chipcards can be tested without a reader
25-Jan-2010 | AN-No. 1MA113
Software tools allow to make the control of T&M instruments more convenient. The adoption of the following tools for Windows®-based T&M instruments is described: ● Synergy:One mouse and one keyboard control a group of T&M instruments ● CamStudio:Video clips of the display of a T&M instrumentare recorded during operation
13-Jun-2013 | AN-No. 1MA218
This application note highlights various aeronautical radio navigation signals such as VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR), instrument landing system (ILS) for glide slope (GS) and localizer (LLZ), as well as marker beacon (MB). Rohde & Schwarz test and measurement solutions for avionics navigation equipment are introduced based on application scenarios, including calibration, research and development, field tests, and transceiver testing.
01-Feb-2012 | AN-No. 1MA193
The R&S MATLAB® Toolkit for Signal Generators provides routines for remote controlling these instruments. Additional MATLAB® scripts turn I/Q vectors into the Rohde & Schwarz waveform file format for use with an ARB. This application note describes the installation and use of the R&S MATLAB® Toolkit on Microsoft Widows and Linux based systems.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP60
Since the video signal - composite or component - is a most complex one regarding the spectral density or even the group delay in the baseband, you need special procedures to measure the signal parameters with an objective and absolute accuracy of less than one percent over the whole frequency range up to 6 MHz. The following describes a method allowing the precise measurement of a baseband signal, which then may be taken for the calibration of video analyzers such as the well-known R&S units UAF or UVF and future products.
20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM22
This application note describes how to generate cdma2000® signals for wide ranging receiver tests under fading conditions for cdma2000® 450/Cellular/PCS/IMT-2000 mobile and base station equipment. The test setup requires an Rohde & Schwarz Universal Radio Communication Tester CMU with IQ-IF interface option CMU-B17 and a baseband fading simulator ABFS. The cdma2kFadLevCor program included with this application note performs a semi automatic level correction of the power fed to the Device Under Test (DUT).
21-Jan-2005 | AN-No. 1MA64
Starting from June 2017, almost all radio transmitters and receivers sold or put into operation in the European Union have to be tested for immunity against interferers in adjacent frequency bands. ETSI standard EN 303 340 defines the tests to be performed on digital television receivers and requirements to be passed.This application note describes the test procedures and provides save-recall files and interferer signals for the Broadcast Test Center R&S®BTC.
11-Jul-2017 | AN-No. 1GP116
This application note shows how to configure the R&S®AdVISE visual inspection software to automate the immunity testing in line with EN 55020 and CISPR 35 on TV sets and monitors.
30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S007
Noise-Power-Ratio (NPR) measurements are a common procedure and a simple but useful tool to characterize the performance of power amplifiers for satellites or other multi-channel communication systems. The main advantage is the use of wideband signals like noise, multi-carrier CW tones or I/Q modulated signals, which leads to a better simulation of the real environment. This application note provides information how to generate these signals with a vector signal generator and perform NPR measurements with spectrum analyzers. With the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator any desired test signal can be created. The R&S®FSW spectrum and signal analyzer offers an automated function for NPR measurements. The limiting factors of both a vector signal generator and a spectrum analyzer are explained. Measurement examples show the practical results of NPR measurements.
24-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF108
For the transmission of digial audio data, different data formats are in use. The AES/EBU format, which is used in professional applications, as well as the S/P DIF format used in consumer electronics, transmit the audio data in time multplex for both channels. Additonal bits in the data stream cover complementary information, respectively are used for error detection.The generation and the analysis of those protocol data using the audio analyzers UPD or UPL is the topic of this application note. An extract of the AES3 standard informs about the basic definitions.
04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA15
This application note provides a summary of the current test solutions available with Rohde & Schwarz equipment. The opportunities provided by the individual devices are presented briefly and a demonstration using a spectrum analyzer and a vector signal generator is described.
14-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA112
Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar, military Air Traffic Surveillance (ATS) radar and meteorological radar operate in S-Band frequency range. In fact 4G communication systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) make also use of these frequencies. Test and measurement of their coexistence is absolutely essential as performance degradation of mobile devices and networks and even malfunction of ATC radars has been proven.This application note describes LTE and S-Band radar coexistence test and measurement. It addresses LTE user equipment, base stations and S-Band radars and presents test solutions.
28-Mar-2014 | AN-No. 1MA211
Testing the RF parameters of a WCDMA base station during the network rollout phase ensures subsequent trouble-free operation of networks as a basic prerequisite for general UMTS customer acceptance. This document describes a complete solution for testing the main transmission and reception parameters according to Specification 3GPP TS 25.141 FDD R99 on the basis of the R&S CMU300 Radio Communication Tester (RF measurements) and the NetHawk RNC/Iub Simulator (base station controller). The solution presented here is particularly recommended for installation measurements and regression tests on new UMTS system components.
15-Oct-2004 | AN-No. 1CM56
Distortions caused by components in the RFFE (radio frequency front end) limit the performance and throughput of communications systems. Types of distortions include:▪ AM-AM and AM-PM (complex variations of gain with amplitude)▪ Non-linear frequency response (memory effect)All RFFE components exhibit all of these distortions, only the proportions vary. In this Application Note, illustrative measurements of individual RFFE components, as well as a complete RFFE, will be made. This is followed by the documentation of a more complete analysis, including comparison against theoretical limits, of a linearized commercial SatCom BUC product.
27-Feb-2017 | AN-No. 1MA299
The R&S®SMW200A signal generator together with the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software simplifies signal generation for multi-emitter environments.
24-Feb-2015
Signal Generator SMIQ has versatile analog and digital internal modulation capabilities. Optional Fading Simulator SMIQ-B14 adds a variety of fading functions to the integrated digital modulation capabilities of SMIQ at a highly attractive price as compared with similar products. This application note describes how to apply fading to signals of any source and with any type of modulation (analog and digital) in a very convenient way.
09-Mar-1998 | AN-No. 1MA07
DOCSIS has become the established standard for return channels when it comes to implementing interactive services in broadband cable networks. The quality of these signals is essential to network efficiency. The analysis can be done using the highprecision R&S®ETL, R&S®EFA and R&S®FSH3-TV TV test receivers that have proven themselves in the downstream. These T & M instruments can be quickly and easily configured for measuring the upstream.
13-Jul-2012
RTC, RTC1000, Application Card, Determining current-voltage characteristics with the oscilloscope With their included component tester, the R&S®RTC1000 oscilloscopes are universally deployable in development and educational environments. Determining current-voltage characteristics with the oscilloscope RTC, RTC1000, Application Card, Determining current-voltage characteristics with the oscilloscope
20-Dec-2017
The aim of this application note is to provide information regarding Rohde & Schwarz instrument drivers. This paper shall help application engineers and software developers to easily get an understanding of advanced techniques to develop test and measurement (T&M) applications by utilizing Rohde & Schwarz instrument drivers. Furthermore the nomenclature used for Rohde & Schwarz instrument drivers will be explained.
01-Jan-2013 | AN-No. 1MA153
The R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generator offers a remote emulation feature that makes it possible to control the instrument by commands other than the built-in native SCPI commands. This feature allows the user to replace signal generators, e.g. from other manufacturers, with the R&S®SMBV100A without having to change the remote control code. This application note describes how to use the remote emulation feature in general. Furthermore, it describes in detail the remote emulation for each supported instrument, limitations of the individual emulations and the remaining differences between the emulated and the original commands.
11-Oct-2016 | AN-No. 1GP91
Test time is a critical parameter when it comes to evaluating the cost of test.This application note describes typical spectrum analyzer measurements in production environments and discusses different approaches to speed them up.
17-Nov-2014 | AN-No. 1EF90
This application note describes three ways of generating multicarrier signals with high dynamic range for testing power amplifiers of 3GPP radio base stations. The corresponding sets of waveform (*.wv) files are delivered with this application note. The WinIQSIM™ software is used to download these files to the signal generator(s).Tips for optimizing spectrum analyzer settings in order to measure the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) are given.
17-Feb-2005 | AN-No. 1MA48
TDMA communications systems like GSM, DCS 1800 or PCS 1900 make effective use of the frequency spectrum by assigning several subscribers to the same frequency channel. Each subscriber has access to one predefined time slot for transmitting information. With GSM eight subscribers share one frequency channel with a bandwidth of 200 kHz. In order not to disturb the other users of the 200-kHz channel it has to be ensured that, for instance, a mobile sends in the assigned time slot only and that no power is emitted by the transmitter at other times. For this reason the transmitter power is practically switched off in the transmission intervals.
16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF18
This Application Note provides a step-by-step description of all video decoding settings you need to make. It also contains valuable information about how to optimize replay for various applications.
02-Mar-2006 | AN-No. 7BM52
Test Solutions Based on R&S®CMX500 Platform
The evolution of mobile communication enters 5G New Radio (NR) era with pivotal features. Voice call service is however still considered as an indispensable element for mobile devices and worldwide network operators continue to maintain the voice service for their subscribers. In comparison to other Over-the-Top (OTT) voice services, such as WhatsApp©, Teams© etc., Voice over NR (VoNR) and Voice over LTE (VoLTE) maintain QoS, support well established handover mechanism and emergency call, and do not require to pre-install OTT app on the phone.In order to provide premium voice service and enhance the superb user experience, audio tests on mobile devices are essential before the product launch. Different audio test aspects among which acoustic, functional, performance and field tests need to be considered.This application note describes the performance test with focus on VoNR audio quality measurement via electrical interface of the mobile device. The test solution is based on R&S®CMX500 with its integrated POLQA algorithm.
26-Jul-2023 | AN-No. 1SL401
Measuring the spurious emissions of transmitters used in GSM, DCS 1800 and PCS 1900 networks requires highly complex test setups since con-ventional spectrum analyzers do not have the necessary dynamic range. To obtain this range, notch filters are used to suppress the useful sig-nal. The spectrum analyzers of the FSE family make it possible for the first time to verify com-pliance with stipulated limit values for spurious emissions within the transmission band and out-side the reception band without the use of notch filters. The measurement problem and its solution by means of FSE are described in the following by way of the example of a GSM base station.
16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF17
As phase noise becomes an increasingly important system-level specification for electronic test equipment, communications systems, and radar systems. It is not only important to quantify the noise produced by oscillators, but also the noise added by each component in the signal processing chain. This application note reviews the fundamentals of residual or additive noise and addresses measurement techniques for determining the amplitude (AM) and phase noise added by two-port devices such as: amplifiers, mixers, block frequency converters, multipliers, dividers, and frequency synthesizers.Additionally, the Rohde & Schwarz FSWP phase noise analyzer will be introduced and a discussion of residual noise measurement techniques for the above-mentioned devices will be provided.
09-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1EF100
The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer measures and analyzes time sidelobes to optimize compressed radar signals as well as radar hardware components and systems. Developers of radar systems can improve and immediately validate their design using automated and reproducible measurements.
22-Oct-2020
This application note describes the different memory types and locations that user information can be stored in a spectrum analyzer R&S® FSEA, R&S® FSEB, R&S® FSEM, R&S® FSEK or R&S® FSIQ, as well as the different ways in which it can be erased/cleared for security reasons.
20-Sep-2004 | AN-No. 1EF54
The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software offers a powerful mechanism to model sequences that are often required for meaningful radar receiver test cases. The sequences can consist of many individual elements, such as pulses defined by the software or imported waveform segments. The software’s powerful interpulse modulation mechanism gives the user full control of each single element.
03-Oct-2017