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R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform

Modular solution for RF switch and control tasks

R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform
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R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform
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R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform
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R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform
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R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform
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R&S®OSP Open switch and control platform
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R&S®OSP open switch and control platform, side viewR&S®OSP open switch and control platform, front highR&S®OSP open switch and control platform, back viewR&S®OSP open switch and control platform, front highR&S®OSP open switch and control platform, side viewR&S®OSP open switch and control platform, back view

Key facts

  • Modular, reliable and cost-efficient
  • Compact, secure and flexible
  • Powerful control and RF relay modules up to 67 GHz
  • Expandable system configurations
  • Convenient manual and remote control and trigger function

The modular R&S®OSP open switch and control platform is designed for RF switching and controlling.

The R&S®OSP comes in two compact 2 HU models (R&S®OSP220, R&S®OSP230) and one large 3 HU model (R&S®OSP320) to meet diverse test scenario requirements – ranging from desktop configurations for laboratory measurements to complex, rack-integrated test systems. 
The R&S®OSP230 model comes with a manual control touchscreen. The R&S®OSP320 model has a monitor option.

Features & benefits

Modular, reliable, cost-efficient

Essential for reproducible measurements

The modularity of the R&S®OSP family speeds up test and measurement configurations for applications in production, test labs and development. Implementing complex wiring with a single switch and control platform is essential for reliable and reproducible measurements that can be automated for cost-efficient test sequences.

EMC test system with R&S®OSP
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EMC test system with R&S®OSP

The R&S®OSP distributes generator and amplifier signals to multiplex forward and reverse signals and check interlock signals.

Compact, secure and flexible

Different models in up to 10 flexible module slots

R&S®OSP units are accommodated in a compact 19" cabinet of two or three rack units. 
The powerful CPU and LINUX operating system provide maximum flexibility for controlling switch and control modules, enabling use of  internal and external interfaces. 
The module slots on the rear and front of each unit can be integrated into one, extra-wide triple or double module slot to accept larger modules with an extended range of functions.

Front and rear view of the R&S®OSP220, R&S®OSP230 and R&S®OSP320 switch and control units
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Front and rear view of the R&S®OSP220, R&S®OSP230 and R&S®OSP320 switch and control units

Detailed overview also available on page 5 of the product brochure.

Powerful control and RF relay modules

Electromechanical relays up to 67 GHz

Options include:

  • Universal electromechanical RF relay modules with N relays (from DC to 12.4 GHz),
  • Electromechanical RF relay modules from DC to 18 GHz, 26.5 GHz, 40 GHz, 50 GHz and 67 GHz
  • Solid-state relay (SSR) modules (up to 43.5 GHz), digital I/O and multiplexer modules
  • Special system modules make implementation of EMS and other test systems easier.
  • Auxilliary modules such as RF attenuators can be easily combined with relay modules for advanced applications.

Overview of modules with RF coaxial relays
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Overview of modules with RF coaxial relays

Expandable system configurations

Easy system integration and virtually unlimited expandability

All R&S®OSP models can be combined via Ethernet in a local, corporate or global network with a primary/secondary configuration. Existing R&S®OSP systems can be expanded to meet future requirements.
The compact R&S®OSP‑B200S2 satellite box can be used for remote operation as an alternative to networking multiple R&S®OSP units. The satellite box moves RF switching and controlling closer to the DUT or antennas,. reducing the number of long RF cables required, improving RF performance of the setup and saving costs.

Possible OSP unit and satellite box combinations
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Possible OSP unit and satellite box combinations

Intuitive operation

Easy manual operation and remote control using web interface

R&S®OSP models come with a built-in web interface for local operation or remote control from a PC or laptop with browser. When control is browser based, the displayed content resolution is automatically adjusted to the monitor screen size.
All R&S®OSP models can be controlled with a keyboard and mouse and an external HDMITM monitor.

Web GUI for switching and path definition
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Web GUI for switching and path definition

Path control

Efficient manual operation or programming

  • Relay switching states are combined to define paths, simplifying control and programming for complex wiring configurations.
  • Being able to copy and paste the syntax of manually defined paths into SCPI commands makes for very efficient SCPI programming.

Path definition example for relays in different modules
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Path definition example for relays in different modules

Trigger function

Faster Switching

External triggers control switching processes more precisely and make them up to 1000 times faster when solid-state relays are used. Key trigger function features

  • Very fast OSP module switching with solid state relays (SSR), up to 1000 times faster than LAN
  • Hardware controlled switching of all switching elements by
    - external measurement devices
    - external hardware of a measurement setup
  • Precise and reproducible switching in line with the trigger signal
  • Four different trigger types: single, toggle, sequenced and addressed
  • Trigger can be configured via SCPI and touchscreen
  • Manual trigger for debugging without ext. trigger signal
  • The GUI displays the minimal trigger interval/maximum trigger frequency for the configuration

R&S®OSP unit with trigger interfaces on the front side.
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R&S®OSP unit with trigger interfaces on the front side.

The trigger menu shows the minimum trigger interval possible for the given path configuration

Specifications
Interfaces (front panel)
USBfor keyboard, mouse or USB stickR&S®OSP220: 2
R&S®OSP230: 2
R&S®OSP320: 2
2 × USB 2.0, type A female connector
HDMITMfor external monitorR&S®OSP220: 1
R&S®OSP230: 1
R&S®OSP320: 1
HDMITM female connector
Touchscreenfor manual operationR&S®OSP220: -
R&S®OSP230: 1
R&S®OSP320: 1)
VGA, color
External triggerinput and outputR&S®OSP220: 2
R&S®OSP230: 2
R&S®OSP320: 2
BNC
Status displaydisplay of TCP/IP addressR&S®OSP220: 1
R&S®OSP230: -
R&S®OSP320: 1
b/w
1) Optional, R&S®OSP-B300M touchscreen module
Interfaces (rear panel)
USBR&S®OSP220: 1
R&S®OSP230: 1
R&S®OSP320: 1
USB 3.0, type A female connector
LANremote control via LANR&S®OSP220: 1
R&S®OSP230: 1
R&S®OSP320: 1
Ethernet RJ-45 female connector, 10/100 Mbit/s
Protected memory slotOperating systemR&S®OSP220: 1
R&S®OSP230: 1
R&S®OSP320: 1
micro-SD card slot
Additional trigger interface4 bitR&S®OSP220: -
R&S®OSP230: -
R&S®OSP320: 1
D-Sub 9 male
Environmental conditions
TemperatureOperating temperature range0 °C to +50 °C
Storage temperature range–25 °C to +70 °C
Damp heat+40 °C, 90 %, rel. humidity, constant, in line with EN 60068-2-30
Height above zero0 to 4600 m
Mechanical resistance
VibrationSinusoidal5 Hz to 55 Hz, 0.3 mm amplitude const., 55 Hz to 150 Hz, 0.5 g const., in line with EN 60068-2-6
Random10 Hz to 300 Hz, acceleration 1.2 g (RMS) in line with EN 60068-2-64
Shock40 g shock spectrum, in line with EN 60068-2-27, MIL-STD-810E, method no. 516.4, procedure I
Power supply
Rated voltage100 V to 240 V AC (± 10 %)
Rated frequency50 Hz to 60 Hz (± 10 %)
Max. input power1.5 A to 3.6 A (max. 310 VA)
Rated powerWithout modules< 25 W
Dimensions (W × H × D)
R&S®OSP220, R&S®OSP230444.7 mm × 107.6 mm × 471.9 mm (17.51 in × 4.24 in × 18.58 in)
For rackmounting (without modules)1/1 19", 2 RU, depth 425 mm (16.73 in)
R&S®OSP320444.7 mm × 152.05 mm × 471.9 mm (17.51 in × 5.99 in × 18.58 in)
For rackmounting (without modules)19" 1/1, 3 RU, depth 425 mm (16.73 in)
Weight
R&S®OSP220 (without module)approx. 6.85 kg (15.1 lb)
R&S®OSP230 (without module)Approx. 6.95 kg (15.3 lb)
R&S®OSP320 (without module)Approx. 7.95 kg (17.5 lb)
Further information
Operating system: LINUX®
Certificates: EU (CE, RoHS), China, Canada, USA, Korea 

Available options

Trigger function (for all R&S®OSP units)
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-K100

Order number 1528.3486.02

Description

Hardware trigger function

Monitor module (for R&S®OSP320 only)
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B300M

Order number 1528.3128.02

Description

Touchscreen module for R&S®OSP320

R&S®OSP satellite (extension for all OSP units)
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B200S2

Order number 1528.3134K02

Description

Satellite

R&S®OSP-B200S2

Order number 1528.3134K04

Description

Satellite

R&S®OSP-B200R

Order number 1528.3140.02

Description

Remote Control Module

R&S®OSP-B200R

Order number 1528.3140.04

Description

Remote Control Module

R&S®OSP-B200P

Order number 1528.3205.02

Description

AC power supply for R&S®OSP-B200S2 satellite box (required for FOL interface)

R&S®OSP-Z200A and -Z200B

Order number 1528.3170.02

Description

Electrical bus cable, length: 5 m and 10 m

R&S®OSP-Z201A to -Z201E

Order number 1528.3186.02

Description

Fiber-optic link (FOL), SC-to-SC, length: 5 m to 40 m

R&S®OSP-Z203AF to -Z203ZF

Order number 1528.1690.04

Description

Fibre-optic link (FOL), SC to FSMA, length 0,5m to 40m
 

R&S®OSP-Z204AF to -Z204ZF

Order number 1528.1702.04

Description

Fibre-optic link (FOL), FSMA to FSMA, length 0,5m to 40m

Options for RF feedthroughs
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B011

Order number 1505.4763.02

Description

Module Panel

with 12 x SMA mounting holes

R&S®OSP-B012

Order number 1505.4770.02

Description

Module Panel

with 4 x N mounting holes

R&S®OSP-Z010

Order number 1505.4534.02

Description

Cable Set

4 x N(f) to N(f)

R&S®OSP-Z011

Order number 1505.4540.02

Description

Cable Set

4 x N(f) to SMA(f)

R&S®OSP-Z012

Order number 1505.4557.02

Description

Cable Set

4 x SMA(f) to SMA(f)

Accessories
Product
Description
R&S®ZZA-KNA21

Order number 1177.8026.00

Description

19" rack adapter, 2 RU for R&S®OSP220, R&S®OSP230

R&S®ZZA-KNA31

Order number 1177.8032.00

Description

19" rack adapter, 3 RU for R&S®OSP320

R&S®SMA-WRENCH

Order number 1528.1590.02

Description

SMA wrench for easier assembly of RF cables

8 mm wrench for RF cables with SMA to 1 mm connector (m), with knurled wheel for manual preassembly

DC to 12.4 GHz
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B106

Order number 1505.5601.02

Description

RF Switch Module (double module width)

3 x SPDT (N), 0 Hz to 12.4 GHz, and 3 x SPDT (BNC), 0 Hz to 900 MHz

R&S®OSP-B131

Order number 1505.4740.02

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × SPDT (N), 0 Hz to 12.4 GHz

R&S®OSP-B132

Order number 1505.4757.02

Description

RF Switch Module

6 × SPDT (N), 0 Hz to 12.4 GHz

R&S®OSP-B133

Order number 1528.3157.02

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP6T (N), 0 Hz to 12.4 GHz, non-terminated

R&S®OSP-B136

Order number 1522.4500.02

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × DPDT (N), 0 Hz to 12.4 GHz

DC to 18 GHz
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B101

Order number 1505.5101.02

Description

RF Switch Module

6 × coaxial changeover relays SPDT (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz

R&S®OSP-B101L

Order number 1505.5101.52

Description

RF Switch Module

6 × SPDT (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz, latching

R&S®OSP-B102

Order number 1505.5201.02

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × coaxial multiposition relays SP6T (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz

R&S®OSP-B102L

Order number 1505.5201.52

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × SP6T (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz, latching

R&S®OSP-B116

Order number 1515.5827.02

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × DPDT (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz

R&S®OSP-B119

Order number 1515.5856.02

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP8T (SMA), 2 × SPDT (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz

R&S®OSP-B121

Order number 1515.5504.02

Description

RF Switch Module

3 × SPDT (SMA), 0 Hz bis 18 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B122

Order number 1515.5510.03

Description

RF switch module

1 x SP6T (SMA), 0 Hz to 18 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B123

Order number 1515.5527.03

Description

RF switch module

6 x SPDT (SMA) and 1 x SP6T, 0 Hz to 18 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B124

Order number 1515.5533.03

Description

RF switch module

3 x SPDT (SMA) and 1 x SP6T, 0 Hz to 18 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B125

Order number 1515.5540.03

Description

RF switch module

6 x SPDT (SMA) and 3 x SP6T, 0 Hz to 18 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B129

Order number 1517.7004.02

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP8T (SMA), terminated, 2 x SPDT (SMA), not terminated, 0 Hz to 18 GHz

R&S®OSP-BM61

Order number 1528.1625.11

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP6T, 1 × SPDT, 0 Hz  to 18 GHz

DC to 26.5 GHz
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B111E

Order number 1505.4605.26

Description

RF Switch Module

6 × SPDT (SMA), DC to 26.5 GHz, non-terminated

R&S®OSP-B112E

Order number 1528.1560.12

Description

RF Switch Module

n × SP6T (SMA, up to 26.5 GHz), non-terminated, n = 1 or 2

R&S®OSP-BM63E

Order number 1528.1625.23

Description

RF switch Module
 

1 x SP6T, n x SPDT (SMA, up to 26.5 GHz), non-terminated, Order number: 1528.1625.2n, n = 1 to 3

R&S®OSP-B116E

Order number 1515.5827.26

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × DPDT (SMA), DC to 26.5 GHz, non-terminated

R&S®OSP-B119E

Order number 1515.5856.26

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP8T (SMA), 2 × SPDT (SMA), DC to 26.5 GHz, non-terminated

R&S®OSP-B121E

Order number 1515.5504.26

Description

RF Switch Module

3 × SPDT (SMA), DC to 26.5 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B122E

Order number 1528.1525.26

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP6T (SMA), DC to 26.5 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B125E

Order number 1515.5540.26

Description

RF Switch Module

6 x SPDT (SMA) and 3 × SP6T (SMA), 0 Hz to 26.5 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B129E

Order number 1517.7004.26

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP8T (SMA), terminated, 2 x SPDT (SMA), not terminated, 0 Hz to 26.5 GHz

DC to 40 GHz
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B111H

Order number 1505.4605.46

Description

RF switch module
 

n x SPDT (2,92 mm), non-terminated, Order number: 1505.4605.4n, n = 3 to 6

R&S®OSP-B112H

Order number 1528.1560.42

Description

RF switch module
 

n x SP6T (2,92 mm), non-terminated, Order number: 1528.1560.4n, n = 1 or 2

R&S®OSP-BM63H

Order number 1528.1625.43

Description

RF switch module

1 x SP6T, n x SPDT (2,92 mm), non-terminated, Order number: 1528.1625.4n, n = 1 to 3

R&S®OSP-B116H

Order number 1515.5827.40

Description

RF Switch Module

2 × DPDT (2.92 mm, K), 0 Hz to 40 GHz

R&S®OSP-B121H

Order number 1515.5504.40

Description

RF Switch Module

3 × SPDT (SMA 2.92, K), 0 Hz to 40 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B122H

Order number 1528.1525.02

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP6T (K (2.92 mm), 0 Hz to 40 GHz, terminated

R&S®OSP-B125H

Order number 1515.5540.40

Description

RF Switch Module

6 x SPDT (2.92 mm) and 3 × SP6T (2.92 mm), 0 Hz to 40 GHz, terminated

DC to 50 GHz
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B111U

Order number 1505.4605.56

Description

RF Switch Module

n × SPDT (2.4 mm), non-terminated, n = 3 or 6

R&S®OSP-B111UL

Order number 1528.1531.16

Description

RF Switch Module

n × SPDT (2.4 mm), non-terminated, latching, n = 3 or 6

R&S®OSP-B112UL

Order number 1528.1548.11

Description

RF Switch Module

1 × SP6T (2.4 mm), 0 Hz to 50 GHz, latching

R&S®OSP-B112U

Order number 1528.1560.52

Description

RF Switch Module

n × SP6T (2.4 mm), non-terminated, n = 1 or 2

R&S®OSP-BM63U

Order number 1528.1625.53

Description

RF switch module

n x SP6T (2,4 mm), non-terminated, Order number: 1528.1625.5n, n = 1 or 3

R&S®OSP-B116U

Order number 1515.5827.52

Description

RF Switch Module

n × DPDT (2.4 mm), non-terminated, n = 1 or 2

R&S®OSP-B121U

Order number 1515.5504.53

Description

RF switch module

n x SPDT (2,4 mm), terminated, Order number: 1515.5504.5n, n = 1 to 3  

R&S®OSP-B122U

Order number 1528.1525.51

Description

RF Switch Module

1× SP6T, (2.4 mm), 0 Hz to 50 GHz, internal termination

DC to 67 GHz
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B111V

Order number 1505.4605.66

Description

RF switch module

n x SPDT (1,85 mm), non-terminated, Order number: 1505.4605.6n, n = 1 to 6

R&S®OSP-B111VL

Order number 1515.5991.16

Description

RF Switch Module

n × SPDT (1.85 mm), non-terminated, latching, Order number: 1515.5991.1n, n = 3 or 6

R&S®OSP-B121VL

Order number 1528.1654.63

Description

RF switch module

n x SPDT (1,85 mm), terminated, latching, Order number: 1528.1654.6n, n = 1 to 3

R&S®OSP-B112V

Order number 1528.1560.61

Description

RF switch module
 

1× SP6T, (1.85 mm), 0 Hz to 67 GHz, Order number: 1528.1560.61, n = 1 or 2
 

R&S®OSP-B122VL

Order number 1528.1760.61

Description

RF switch module
 

1 × SP6T (1.85 mm), terminated, latching, order number: 1528.1760.61
 

General
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B107

Order number 1505.5901.02

Description

RF Switch Module

6 × SPDT (SMA), SSR, 9 kHz to 6 GHz, reflective

R&S®OSP-B127

Order number 1505.4728.02

Description

RF Switch Module

6 × SPDT (SMA), SSR, 9 kHz to 10 GHz, absorptive

R&S®OSP-B128

Order number 1505.4734.13

Description

RF switch module

n x SP6T (SMA). SSR. 9 kHz to 10 GHz, absorptive 23, Order number: 1505.4734.1n, n = 1 to 3

R&S®OSP-B142

Order number 1505.4792.03

Description

RF Switch Module

3 × DP3T (SMA), 10 W power SSR, 9 kHz to 8 GHz, reflective, term. SPDT versions, Order number 1505.7292.1n, n= 1 to 3

R&S®OSP-B162K

Order number 1528.1677.46

Description

RF switch module

n x SPDT (2.92 mm), SSR, 9 kHz to 43.5 GHz, absorptive, order number 1528.1677.4n, n = 2, 4 or 6

R&S®OSP-B164K

Order number 1528.1660.44

Description

RF switch module

n x SP4T (2.92 mm), SSR, 9 kHz to 43.5 GHz, absorptive, order number 1528.1660.4n, n = 2, 3 or 4

General
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-B171H

Order number 1528.1577.44

Description

RF attenuator module

n x RF attenuator (2.92 mm), 9 kHz to 40 GHz, 4-Bit, 0 to 30 dB, 2 dB step, order number 1528.1577.4n, n = 2 or 4

General
Product
Description
R&S®OSP-PM-I

Order number 1515.5985.02

Description

Passive Module

for integration of one unit of R&S®NRP power sensor (with USB interface)

R&S®OSP-B104

Order number 1505.5401.02

Description

Relay driver module,

control of four external RF power relays, additional digital inputs/outputs, interlock

R&S®OSP-B114

Order number 1505.4711.02

Description

EMS Module (interlock with SPDT, digital I/Os)

for small systems with 1 × DPDT (N), digital inputs/outputs, interlock with SPDT

R&S®OSP-B103

Order number 1505.5301.02

Description

Digital I/O Module

16 × digital inputs, 16 × digital outputs

R&S®OSP-B108

Order number 1505.5718.02

Description

Multiplexer Module

6-channel, 4-wire multiplexer

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9. Winner Notification. The winners of each of the prizes will be informed by e-mail within five (5) working days. The participant that is selected as winner of the prize shall inform Rohde & Schwarz about the acceptance of the price. In case of the denial of the acceptance, or no answer within two (2) weeks, a new winner will be drawn. If no winner can be determined within four (4) weeks, the draw ends and the prize forfeit.

10. Limitation of Liability. By entering, entrants release and hold harmless Rohde & Schwarz and its respective parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents from any and all liability or any injuries, loss, or damage of any kind arising from or in connection with this Draw or with any prize awarded. No cash equivalent or exchange of prizes is allowed. Prizes are non-transferable. All taxes, levies, duties, fees and other charges levied in the participant´s country shall be borne by the participant.

11. Internet. If for any reason the Internet portion of the Draw is not capable of running as planned, including infection by computer virus, bugs, tampering, unauthorized intervention, fraud, technical failures, or any other causes beyond the control of R&S or its third-party providers that corrupt or affect the administration, security, fairness, integrity or proper conduct of this Draw, R&S reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to cancel, terminate, modify, or suspend the Draw, and to disqualify any individual who tampers with the entry process.

R&S assumes no responsibility for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, communications-line failure, theft, or destruction or unauthorized access to, or alteration of, entries. R&S is not responsible for any problems or technical malfunction of any telephone network or lines, computer online systems, servers or providers, computer equipment, or software, or for failure of any email or entry to be received by Rohde & Schwarz on account of technical problems or traffic congestion on the Internet or at any Web site, or any combination thereof, including any injury or damage to participant's or any other person's computer related to or resulting from participation or downloading any materials in this Draw.

12. General Conditions.

a. Entrants agree to abide by the terms of these official rules and by the decisions of R&S, which are final and binding on all matters pertaining to this Draw. Any Participant who does not comply with these Terms & Conditions may be disqualified by R&S from this Draw. In such cases, prizes can also be withdrawn retrospectively. In case a prize is withdrawn retrospectively due to the non-compliance with these Terms & Conditions, it shall be returned by the respective participant at his cost to R&S’ address mentioned under Nr.1 and a new winner will be drawn. The draw and any contractual relationship arising therefrom between R&S and the respective participant shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Germany, without any recourse to the conflict of laws. The courts of Munich, Germany, shall have exclusive jurisdiction in case of any disputes arising directly or indirectly from the participation in this Draw.

b. Income Taxes: A U.S. winner will need to supply to R&S their Social Security Number for a 1099 for the total value (Current estimate is approximately $1,540) to be issued. Any winner is solely responsible for any and all tax liability/responsibility for this. R&S is not responsible for any taxes or tax implications to or of the winner associated with Draw winnings.

13. Winner Information. For the names of the winners, send a self-addressed stamped envelope to Rohde & Schwarz USA, Inc. at 6821 Benjamin Franklin Drive, Columbia, MD 21046.

ATTN: Winner – Rohde & Schwarz’ 10 years Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscopes Draw. Requests received after January 1, 2021, will not be fulfilled.

* “fast delivery” inside 7 working days applies to the Rohde & Schwarz in-house procedures from order processing through to available ex-factory to ship.