50 Results
Best practices for mobile network testing for business-critical applications
A best practice set of tests, KPIs and limits verify the performance of a business-critical private network for communicating machines.
13-Aug-2024 | AN-No. 8NT17
This application note focuses on coaxial connectors found in RF and microwave applications, providing general information on the available types.
09-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA99
Read this educational note and dive into the discussion about the six most important transformer measurements: turns ratio, mutual inductance, phase angle, primary and secondary inductance, leakage inductance, and interwinding capacitance.
28-Feb-2024
Stable operation in all circumstances is essential for power converters. Different working conditions, such as load steps, startup/shutdown sequences and input voltage variation, apply to most converter types. In addition to the standard feedback control loop, integrated pulse width modulation (PWM) controllers provide extended functions, such as line feed-forward loop control and soft-start control.
11-Oct-2023
To generate a full channel load, as necessary for DVB-C2 receiver tests for example, only two Rohde & Schwarz instruments, the R&S BTC and R&S CLG, are necessary.
30-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 7BM88
Usage of VISA for instrument control with USB and ethernet
28-Oct-2021 | AN-No. 1SL374
This Application Note identifies the various types of Test Port Adapters, their parameters, compatibilities and usages.
28-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA100
Generating Interference Signals using the R&S SFU-K37 Option
09-Jan-2007 | AN-No. 7BM50
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB 3.2 Legacy Cable Testing for USB Type A, Type B, and Micro family connector types. Based on 5 Gbps and 10 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
09-Nov-2023 | AN-No. 1SL408
EDGE Timeslot Errors Measurements with FSIQ
22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 1ES48
The first part of this educational note presents the applications for and the most important types of signal generators. This is followed by a description of the construction and functioning of analog and vector signal generators.
03-May-2016 | AN-No. 1MA225
Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSP/FSQ/FSU Instrument Security
20-Sep-2004 | AN-No. 1EF53
Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSE/FSIQ Instrument Security
20-Sep-2004 | AN-No. 1EF54
This application note presents setting examples for all basic audio measurements to be performed immediately, using the R&S®UPP and R&S®UPV audio analyzers. For each setup, information is given on the type of measurement, the underlying standards, and on how to modify the graphic display results.
07-Jul-2014 | AN-No. 1GA64
With the R&S®Pulse Sequencer radar simulation software, users can easily and intuitively create scenarios for simulation of angle of arrival (AoA).
02-Apr-2020
Measurement of WLAN 802.11 ac signals
22-Sep-2011 | AN-No. 1EF82
This white paper describes the basic functionality of antennas. Starting with Hertz's Antenna model followed by a short introduction to the fundamentals of wave propagation, the important general characteristics of an antenna and its associated parameters are explained.
04-Nov-2014 | AN-No. 8GE01
In this Application Note, illustrative measurements of individual RFFE components, as well as a complete RFFE, will be made.
27-Feb-2017 | AN-No. 1MA299
This application note explains how to setup R&S®AdVISE to monitor the temperature of an EUT by using an infrared camera.
14-Sep-2020 | AN-No. 1S008
Level Error Calculation for Spectrum Analyzers
13-Jan-1998 | AN-No. 1EF36
Simulation of DVB-T Channel for Antenna Diversity Reception
31-Jul-2003 | AN-No. 7BM06
The SFU200A and SFE100 can be used to simulate the performance of many different types of receivers in the SFU200A and SFE100. This paper describes how to use these tools to simulate a correlated receiver using R&S®SFU.
19-Oct-2012 | AN-No. 7BM76
Quality Measurements on Digital and Analog TV Transmitters - Using the R&S ETL
19-Sep-2007 | AN-No. 7BM67
The document focusses on devices for the 3.5 GHz NR (5G New Radio) candidate band, but its findings are equally applicable to developments and measurements for K-band satellite applications or mmW NR candidate bands,
01-Aug-2017 | AN-No. 1MA289
Using R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool
The R&S®ELEKTRA EMC test software is the successor of the R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software. Like the R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software, the R&S®ELEKTRA offers a solution that controls complete EMC systems and automates measurements on equipment under test (EUT) that is being tested for emissions (EMI) and immunity (EMS) compliance. It has more features and test types compared to R&S®EMC32.As both software platforms use different file formats, R&S®EMC32 users who upgrade their existing software to the R&S®ELEKTRA platform need to perform a file conversion before migrating their data to the R&S®ELEKTRA platform. This is done by using the R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool, which is installed automatically with each R&S®ELEKTRA installation.This Application Note describes how to use the R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool (version 4.4 onwards) for converting the backup data into the XML format that can be interpreted by the R&S®ELEKTRA software. It also provides recommended conversion steps (Chapter 5) and troubleshooting tips (Chapter 6). For instructions on migrating the data using R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool below version 4.4, refer to the R&S®ELEKTRA user manual. For better user experience, we recommend using the latest software version for migration.This Application Note does not describe the steps to backup data using the R&S®EMC32 or R&S®ES-SCAN software. For procedures on how to do so, refer to their respective manuals.
04-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL396
The demand having a snubber circuit in the power supply topology leads to specific verification methods during the design which are the main focus within this document.
23-Jun-2021 | AN-No. 1SL363
This application Note is based on CMW500, SMBV100B and Vector CANoe.Car2x Software and guides to how to simulate the specific Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) wireless environment in respect to road transport scenarios and transmitted messages around the Device Under Test (DUT) like a Telematics Control Unit (TCU). It shows how to verify and validate the C-V2X application of the DUT in laboratory environment. The virtual simulation scenario is not limited to the requirements of CSAE53-2017 specification, and it could be modified by user according to this operating guide with CANoe.Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a new generation of information and communications technologies that connect vehicles to everything. The objective of V2X is to increase road safety and manage traffic efficiently.C-V2X is designed to offer low-latency vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications services to add a new dimension to future advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). C-V2X as one communications standard defined by 3GPP in Release 14 uses LTE technology as the physical interface for communications. The standard describes two types of communications. The vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications type, exploits the cellular Uu interface, uses traditional cellular link to enable cloud services to be integrated into end-to-end solutions, e.g. to allow road and traffic information for a given area to be distributed to the vehicles.The second type is referred to as direct or PC5/Sidelink (V2V, V2I, V2P) communications, where data transmission takes place over the PC5 interface. In that type, C-V2X does not necessarily require a cellular network infrastructure. It can operate without a SIM and without network assistance and uses GNSS as its primary source for time synchronization.Verifying system functionality and performance exclusively by field testing in a real-world environment can be time-consuming, costly and very challenging. Requirements regarding functionality, and consequently the required assistance functions, are constantly changing. Due to this fact, test solutions are needed during the development and introduction phase to verify compliance with the standards. The PC5 direct communications type allows exchange of time sensitive and safety relevant information. Using a mobile communication tester like the R&S® CMW500 together with a C-V2X scenario simulation tool delivers reproducible test scenarios. This is essential for the standardization of verification processes for C-V2X in order to obtain reliable and comparable results, and it helps to demonstrate that end-to-end functionality between two C-V2X devices from different vendors works properly.
02-Jun-2021 | AN-No. GFM341
A step by step HOW TO guide to perform manual and automated wireless coexistence testing
At the end of the year 2020, there were over 20 Billion internet of things (IoT) products in the world operating using the licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. This growth trend is projected to keep steady over the coming years as more and more people adopt to a smarter and more connected lifestyle. This will result in a much busier and challenging RF environment than the one we have today. In order to understand the complexity of the RF spectrum, a white paper was published in 2021 from Rohde & Schwarz, which featured RF spectrum activity at multiple locations observed at different times of the day. The locations were selected based on population densities and the amount of known RF transmitters & their frequencies at those locations. It was also concluded that the ISM bands on average have higher channel utilization since most IoT devices take advantage of the unlicensed spectrum. The paper recommended, that while performing wireless coexistence testing, the test conditions should reflect the operational RF environment that the device is intended to operate in. Otherwise, the characterization of RF performance would only reflect ideal case which doesn’t exist in real world operation. Since it is not always possible to test all devices in the real world, relevant test methodologies need to be setup to replicate the real world as much as possible.This will help us get a better understanding of how the receiver of the RF device will behave under different RF conditions. It is also recommended to perform measurements in order to understand the behavior of the device in the future when the spectrum will get even more challenging. Therefore, a through characterization of the capability of the RF receiver to handle in-band and out-of-band interference signals in also of interest.In terms of regulatory compliance requirements for ensuring wireless coexistence performance, the ANSI C63.27 is currently the only published test standard that provides guidance on how to perform coexistence testing on devices. The test complexity is based up on risk imposed on the user’s health in the event of a failure caused by an or a plurality of interference signal. The standard also gives device manufacturers guidance regarding test setups, measurement environments, interference signal types and strategy, performance quality measurement parameters for physical layer using key performance indicator (KPI) and application layer parameters for end-to-end functional wireless performance (FWP).In this application note, the guidance provided by the ANSI C63.27-2021 version regarding test setup, measurement parameter and interference signal have been followed. It will give the reader a clear idea on how to configure standardized test instruments from R&S in order to generate the wanted signal as well as unintended interference signals and conduct measurement to monitor device performance in terms of PER, ping latency and data throughput.This application note provides step-by-step instruction on how to perform measurements using conducted and radiated methodology. Both manual and automated instrument configuration approach is explained in this document.The automation scripts are written using python scripting language and are available for download with this application note, free of charge. Official required to run the scripts are available on the PYPI database.
10-Nov-2022 | AN-No. 1SL392