1105 Resultados
5G NR Reduced Capabilities (RedCap) network scanning
Purpose of RedCap: RedCap is designed for use cases requiring reasonable data throughput, cost-efficient devices, reduced power consumption and smaller device footprint to support applications like wireless industrial sensors, video surveillance and smart wearables in which ultralow latency isn’t essential. Technology basics: Understanding the technology basics helps facing configuration complexities and avoiding potential coexistence issues with regular 5G. RedCap field verification: New mobile network technology introductions like 5G RedCap benefit from field measurements during their typical life-cycle phases (engineering, network roll-out, and operation). Measurement Techniques: In early phases of new technologies, passive network measurements using network scanners are reliable and effective in detecting actual network and cell configurations.
Apr 23, 2024 | AN-Nº. 8NT13
Today’s complex circuits must integrate several components that feed on different power levels. A robust circuit that ensures interoperability of these components needs carefully designed, clean and stable power distribution networks for power timing. At lower voltage levels, tolerance is defined in percentages and can make precise measurements challenging.
Apr 22, 2024
Spectrum clearance in mobile networks is becoming ever more important as operators use new bands that previously contained other services. This is particularly important for the 5G NR rollout. 5G NR has already initiated a worldwide deployment of TDD networks in an unknown radio environment where unwanted transmitters can create uplink interference masked by downlink signals, making interference hunting particularly demanding. Automated detection of interference signals before a network switches on can be a big help in addition to traditional manual techniques.
Apr 19, 2024
This application card examines the best practices for testing video service quality over mobile networks and discusses the different types of video services and recent changes in video streaming.
Apr 18, 2024
Best practices for national regulatory authorities
Key points:Importance of field measurements: Traditional network planning tools and models only offer an estimated view of mobile coverage. Field measurements are conducted under real geographical and load conditions, and therefore provide a more accurate picture and can discover interferences more effectively. Coverage investigations: When deploying a mobile network, operators must adhere to regulatory standards and licensing conditions. As a result, regulatory authorities carry out field measurements on a regular or ad hoc basis to validate compliance or investigate customer complaints. This process identifies coverage gaps and areas of poor network quality, enabling regulatory authorities to take actions to enhance service quality for consumers and guide network expansion.Foster competition: If the field measurements of the coverage and performance are performed on a scale representative of a given country, the transparency of these results can promote healthy competition between operators and better service for consumers, which is essential for economic growth and social development.Measurement Techniques: The harmonized methodology for measuring and evaluating data throughput and QoE based on popular services is described in ETSI TR 103 559.
Apr 15, 2024 | AN-Nº. 8NT14
Gated mode measurements in private 5G networks
Apr 11, 2024
R&S®NESTOR cellular network analysis software supports law enforcement agencies in alibi verification by analyzing mobile network traces. R&S®NESTOR gives users reliable confirmation of whether an individual’s mobile phone was at a specific location at the time of a crime.
Apr 10, 2024
All electronic devices have capacitive or inductive parts that that generate inrush current when switched on. This is more than just a part of operations – it is a vital aspect and demands keen oversight. The R&S®NPA power analyzers are the right instrument for the job.
Mar 28, 2024
Today’s electronic devices often draw non-sinusoidal, irregular current where harmonic current is fed back into the universal supply system. Monitoring this current is both crucial and mandatory for CE compliant devices. The R&S®NPA701 compliance tester seamlessly and efficiently monitors this current.
Mar 28, 2024
Today’s electronic devices often draw non-sinusoidal, irregular current where harmonic current is fed back into the universal supply system. Monitoring this current is both crucial and mandatory for CE compliant devices. The R&S®NPA701 compliance tester seamlessly and efficiently monitors this current.
Mar 27, 2024
As unidades de rádio de O-RAN (O-RU) contribuem consideravelmente para o alto consumo de energia das redes 5G. Torná-las eficientes em termos de energia sem sacrificar as inovações da O-RAN é uma prioridade máxima.
mar. 19, 2024
O software de análise de redes celulares R&S®NESTOR oferece suporte às forças de segurança pública em atividades forenses e investigações de cenas de crimes, reunindo informações por meio da análise das redes móveis adjacentes. O R&S®NESTOR aumenta a segurança pública ao reduzir o tempo de investigação da cena do crime em até 50 %.
mar. 14, 2024
A indústria automobilística está passando por uma mudança transformadora rumo à eletrificação. A medição e a análise precisas dos trens de força elétricos são vitais para melhorar o desempenho, a eficiência e a confiabilidade. Os osciloscópios R&S®MXO se tornaram uma ferramenta de teste essencial para essas medições, com uma análise em tempo real das formas de onda de corrente e tensão que permitem que engenheiros e técnicos explorem os mecanismos complexos para melhorar o desempenho e a eficiência do trem de força.
mar. 12, 2024
P25 and FRMCS scanning
Key points: Critical Infrastructure: Learn about mission-critical communication for various agencies who deal with Public Safety such as first responders, police, firefighters, medics and its crucial role in ensuring safety of society.Reliability of Communication: Understand the challenges posed by mission-critical communication, highlighting performance and reliability needs and special requirements such as safe group communications.Technology Migration: Delve into the migration of mission-critical communication from long-standing narrow-band technologies to broadband use cases considering migration timelines.Measurement Techniques: Explore network measurement methods for passive testing of legacy MCX technologies planned to be used in the networks for quite some time (a later release of the document will focus on the broadband successors)
Mar 12, 2024 | AN-Nº. 8NT12
O sensoriamento e comunicação integrados (ISAC) são um pilar do 6G. A combinação de dois mundos diferentes, porém semelhantes, comunicações e sensoriamento do ambiente, dá vida ao futuro na era do 6G. Os principais impulsionadores do sensoriamento e comunicação integrados são o beamforming com conjuntos de antenas de múltiplas entradas e múltiplas saídas (MIMO), inteligência artificial (IA), esquemas de modulação modernos e infraestrutura de rede densa. O gerador de eco de radar automotivo R&S®AREG800A é um elemento essencial de uma solução versátil de teste de pesquisa e desenvolvimento na comunidade do sensoriamento e comunicação integrados.
mar. 11, 2024
Transformers are passive devices that are primarily used to convert or "transform" alternating current (AC) from one voltage level to another. One very common application of transformers is in AC to DC power supplies, in which mains voltage is stepped down before being rectified and filtered to produce DC. There are numerous other applications for transformers, such as providing electrical isolation or for impedance matching.This educational note provides a brief technical introduction to measurements made on the types of transformers used in electronics. These transformers are typically physically small, work on relatively low voltages or powers, and are used for “indoor” applications. Although many of the testing concepts described below also apply to the larger, higher-power "outdoor" transformers used for electrical power distribution, the specific tests and test procedures for these types of transformers are often specified by standards bodies such as the IEEE and may differ substantially from the types of measurements described here.Read this educational note and dive into the discussion about the six most important transformer measurements: turns ratio, mutual inductance, phase angle, primary and secondary inductance, leakage inductance, and interwinding capacitance.
Feb 28, 2024
Mobile network operators worldwide face cost pressures and escalating network complexity. The advent of 5G-NR has ushered in new use cases and flexibility, but it also comes with more stringent performance and availability requirements.Machine Learning can serve as a catalyst for the market to unearth deep insights that would otherwise remain concealed. It can also significantly streamline everyday tasks by fostering a smarter system that guides users through their routine work processes, rather than obliging them to repeat each (manual) step. Rohde & Schwarz Mobile Network Testing has focused its efforts on delivering Machine Learning use cases that distill relevant insights from drive testing data, thereby offering substantial benefits to users.This educational note explains the motivation and reasoning why this kind of approach is needed, what are the benefits of the machine learning offering and it takes a deeper look into how it can be used in various levels of statistical and technical analysis. Finally, this document provides real measurement results and analysis findings based on the Rohde & Schwarz post processing SW suite SmartAnalytics and its machine learning based features Call Stability Score and Network Utilization Rating.
Feb 28, 2024 | AN-Nº. 8NT10
Part 1 of the Cable and Antenna verification series – essential for Mobile Networks
Key points: Critical Infrastructure: Learn why the antenna system, as part of mobile base stations, is irreplaceable and demands meticulous attention due to its impact on network quality and availability.Vulnerability to Environmental Factors: Understand the challenges posed by weather conditions and environmental stresses on antenna systems, highlighting the importance of robust design and maintenance.Fundamental Properties: Delve into the core concepts of antenna systems, gaining insights into their transmit and receive characteristics, which serve as the foundation for effective measurement and verification.Measurement Techniques: Explore various measurement methods for antenna systems, focusing on return loss and decoupling, and their significance in assessing system performance and integrity.
Feb 23, 2024 | AN-Nº. 8NT11
Dicas e truques úteis para sua primeira experiência com medições
Resistores, capacitores e indutores são os componentes mais importantes dos circuitos elétricos. É preciso assegurar que eles funcionem corretamente e com precisão. Por isso, eles precisam ser completamente testados durante o projeto do circuito. Em geral, isso é feito com medidores LCR, que se tornaram indispensáveis no laboratório e na produção. Esta nota de aplicação mostra como realizar medições básicas de capacitor e indutor, de maneira precisa e confiável.
fev. 22, 2024 | AN-Nº. 1GP142
Com recursos avançados de transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT), além de uma sensibilidade e faixa dinâmica inigualáveis, os osciloscópios R&S®MXO são a escolha perfeita para depuração de interferência eletromagnética (EMI). Detecte e analise com rapidez e precisão a interferência magnética que emana de placas e circuitos eletrônicos com uma análise de radiofrequência correlacionada com o tempo. Melhore sua experiência de depuração com o rápido desempenho dos osciloscópios R&S®MXO.
fev. 07, 2024
MIPI D-PHY is a low-power, cost-effective physical layer interface, essential in mobile devices and advanced technology systems. It's a high-speed, source-synchronous interface used in smartphone cameras, smartwatch displays, drones, in-car entertainment, automobile cameras, and radar sensors. This application note explores MIPI D-PHY's features, functionality, and testing practices for device compliance, addressing common issues. It highlights Rohde & Schwarz's equipment for ensuring compatibility and solving issues with MIPI D-PHY, aligned with MIPI D-PHY specification version 2.5.Developed by the MIPI Alliance, D-PHY connects cameras and displays to a host processor via CSI-2 or DSI protocols. It features a master-slave, asymmetrical design for reduced link complexity. Key aspects include a unidirectional clock, optional data signal directions, different data rates for half-duplex operation, point-to-point communication, and high-speed (HS) and low-power (LP) modes for data transfer and battery preservation. In HS mode, D-PHY uses differential signaling with specific impedance, while in LP mode, it operates in a single-ended manner with high impedance termination.The application note from Rohde & Schwarz provides insights into characterizing and debugging MIPI D-PHY, offering conformance verification with MIPI Alliance standards and protocol decoding options.
Jan 31, 2024 | AN-Nº. 1SL410
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to legacy adapter assemblies supporting USB3.1 Gen1, and USB2.0. Based on 5 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
Jan 18, 2024 | AN-Nº. 1SL407
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to legacy cable assemblies supporting USB3.1 Gen2, USB3.1 Gen1, and USB2.0. Based on 5 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
Jan 18, 2024 | AN-Nº. 1SL406
Os conversores de potência com uma topologia full-bridge são usados com frequência em telecomunicações e servidores que precisam ser compactos, eficientes e com preços aceitáveis para os compradores, o que os torna mais complexos. Os padrões de comutação de todas as principais chaves primárias, incluindo das chaves do retificador síncrono, precisam ser validados depois que o primeiro protótipo for construído. Essa validação complexa exige a medição adequada dos padrões de comutação para evitar padrões catastróficos. O conhecimento especializado e as ferramentas de medição corretas são essenciais para identificar eventos inesperados no processo de comutação do conversor.
jan. 17, 2024
O osciloscópio R&S®RTO6 da Rohde & Schwarz possui uma excelente ferramenta para depurar barramentos seriais disponíveis prontos para uso e personalizados para as indústrias aeroespacial e aviônica.
dez. 20, 2023
Rohde & Schwarz offers a powerful tool for remote control of their oscilloscopes - the RsInstrument Python module. This module enables users to control and automate their Rohde & Schwarz test & measurement instruments, including oscilloscopes, through Python scripts or interactive console communication.
Dec 14, 2023
Novas tecnologias e aplicações, como sensoriamento e comunicações 6G, se estendem às frequências em subterahertz na banda D e mais além. Novos processos e tecnologias de semicondutores precisam ser comercializados para oferecer o suporte que esses esforços necessitam.
dez. 12, 2023
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to Type-C cable assemblies supporting USB4 Gen3, USB4 Gen2, USB 3.2 Gen2, USB3.2 Gen1, and USB2.0.
Nov 30, 2023 | AN-Nº. 1SL405
Como o cancelamento de ruído I/Q pode ajudar a melhorar significativamente o desempenho de magnitude do vetor de erro do seu analisador de sinal e espectro.
nov. 16, 2023
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB 3.2 Legacy Cable Testing for USB Type A, Type B, and Micro family connector types. Based on 5 Gbps and 10 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
Nov 09, 2023 | AN-Nº. 1SL408