BLOS (beyond line of sight) waveforms

BLOS (beyond line of sight) waveforms

Supported by software defined radios in the R&S®M3xR HF radio families.

The main purpose of beyond line of sight (BLOS) is to be able to have a long reach without the need for infrastructure. The main advantage of HF radiocommunications is the fact that the electromagnetic signals between 1.5 MHz and 30 MHz allow the use of reflection effects on the ionosphere to achieve extremely high ranges of thousands of kilometers without any infrastructure between the transmitter and receiver.

Modern automatic link establishment standards provide an automated capability to connect communications partners at any time and under any ionospheric conditions. These mechanisms use information about solar activity, geographical positions of the communications partners and the exact date. The available frequency spectrum is scanned and coordinated with potential communications partners. The results of connectivity over frequency range are stored and continuously updated within and by the radios.

With the development of new technologies such as WBHF, HF is no longer limited to voice and very small data rates. It can now also accommodate IP data, video and imaging and become an alternative to satellite communications.

BLOS overview

BLOS technologies overview

ALE 2G/3G - ALE software for automatic link establishment systems

ALE 2G provides support for the FED-STD-1045/1046/1049 and MIL-STD-188-141B App. A+B standards. ALE3G in line with STANAG 4538 offers significant benefits compared to ALE 2G, including considerably faster and more robust link setup, improved automatic channel selection algorithms and embedded data link protocols. In addition, the automatic link maintenance (ALM) functionality is supported.The R&S ALE 3G built-in xDL data link protocols are low-latency data link protocol (LDL) and high-throughput data link protocol (HDL).

  • LDL for small datagrams in all channel conditions: approx.300 bit/s
  • HDL for large datagrams in medium to good channel conditions: approx. 3400 bit/s
BLOS technologies overview

STANAG 4538 allows the radio to be directly used as a static IP router. The network layer, link layer and physical layer are embedded into the radio. This ensures high reliability and low maintenance costs since no additional hardware such as external modems is necessary.

R&S®STANAG 5066 is a communications solution for the robust and highly secure exchange of data using HF radio networks in line with STANAG 5066.

BLOS technologies overview

Enables self-identifying (auto-baud) data communications up to 12800 bit/s. It automatically adapts the receiving data rate and is used preferably with the STANAG 5066 data protocol. STANAG 4539 is based on more than one standardized modem waveform:

  • STANAG 4415 (very robust traffic waveform at 75 bit/s)
  • MIL-STD-188-110B (low and medium-rate serial tone waveforms from 150 bit/s to 2400 bit/s)
  • MIL-STD-188-110B App. C (high data rate waveforms from 3200 bit/s to 12800 bit/s)
  • MIL-STD-188-110B App. F (waveform uses independent sidebands for high-speed data transmission with up to 19200 bit/s).
BLOS technologies overview

R&S®SECOM is a combination of COMSEC and TRANSEC optimized for BLOS applications. User data (voice or data) is transmitted completely digitally and in encrypted form.To ensure reliable links even in severely degraded channels, free hop set search (FHS) is available. FHS is an algorithm for the automatic adaptation of hop sets based on channel evaluation. Data rates from 75 bit/s to 2400 bit/s are possible.

  • Frequency range: HF (1.5 to 30 MHz)
  • TRANSEC: slow
  • COMSEC: Embedded customized crypto algorithm, long key length

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HF-WB

With sophisticated equalizers and unrivaled radio parameters that overcome even challenging sky wave propagation conditions, HF-WB is a competitive alternative to SATCOM links over large distances.

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