Vector network analyzers

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Rohde & Schwarz VNA portfolio

Q: How does a vector network analyzer work?

A vector network analyzer (VNA) includes both source signals and receivers. The receivers detect changes to the output signal from a device (or network), compared to the source signals input to the device. By comparing the ways in which current and voltage are effected by the device, a VNA can measure both the amplitude and phase responses caused by the device. The results are transmission measurements (transmission coefficient, insertion loss, gain), reflection measurements (reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss), impedance and the S parameters (scattering parameters) S11, S12, S21, S22.

Q: Why use a network analyzer?

The VNA is one of the most essential tools for RF and microwave measurements and analyzes various passive and active components like filters, antennas or power amplifiers, as it can derive transmission measurements (transmission coefficient, insertion loss, gain), reflection measurements (reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss), impedance and the S parameters (scattering parameters) S11, S12, S21, S22. These are all measurements not possible with spectrum or signal analyzers, so VNA’s are used both during the design process and for quality control in the production process.

Q: How do I select a suitable vector network analyzer?

The right instrument depends on the expected use cases, and Rohde & Schwarz offers a wide portfolio of network analyzers for varying uses. Typical selection criteria are the frequency range, the number of required ports from 2 up to 24 (multiports) or even 48 in a switch matrix, the output power and the instrument class from economy to handheld and up to high-end.

Q: What’s the difference between a vector network analyzer and a spectrum analyzer?

A VNA and a spectrum analyzer both use RF receivers to analyze RF signals output by the device under test. But a VNA in addition generates calibrated RF stimulus signals used as input to the device and analyzes the response of the DUT to this stimulation. Different electrical properties can be measured by a VNA compared to a spectrum analyzer.

Q: What’s the difference between a vector network analyzer and a scalar network analyzer?

A scalar network analyzer only measures amplitude properties while a VNA in addition analyzes phase properties. A scalar network analyzer is simpler than a VNA; basically a tracking generator and spectrum analyzer resulting in a frequency sweep measuring magnitude (amplitude). Additionally, a VNA provides higher flexibility and improved accuracy as more sophisticated calibration routines can be used.

Q: What is a VNA used for?

A vector network analyzer (VNA) is used to make measurements on complete devices that are not possible with other RF measuring equipment. A VNA makes transmission measurements (transmission coefficient, insertion loss, gain), reflection measurements (reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss), impedance measurements and the S parameters (scattering parameters) S11, S12, S21, S22 resulting from the influence of a device on a signal. It provides calibrated stimulus signals to the RF network or device under test and measures with receivers the response as a vector over frequency with phase and amplitude information.

Q: Why is the total cost of ownership (TCO) and low energy consumption of Rohde & Schwarz VNAs important?

Operational cost reduction : Energy-efficient VNAs lower electricity bills and cooling requirements, significantly cutting operational costs. Long-term cost-effectiveness : Taking the TCO into consideration ensures that the investment remains cost-effective over the equipment's lifespan – including maintenance and calibration. Corporate sustainability goals : Lower energy consumption contributes to a smaller carbon footprint, which aligns with environmental regulations and sustainability initiatives. Budgeting and financial planning : Focusing on TCO and energy efficiency improves financial planning and resource allocation for your department. Consistent performance : Energy-efficient VNAs ensure consistent performance in test and production applications, which helps maintain high standards. Reduced heat generation : Energy-efficient equipment generates less heat, further reducing cooling costs and enhancing operational efficiency.

Crafted for impact - where history meets tomorrow

Rohde & Schwarz offers a wide range of versatile, high-performance vector network analyzers (VNA) up to 1.1 THz and standard multiport solutions up to 48 ports. They feature excellent RF characteristics and analysis functions, making them the perfect tools for analyzing passive and active components, such as filters, amplifiers, mixers and modules.

Our VNAs are 100% compatible with our other products and can be used in complete test systems. For example, we support high-speed data cable testing with a cable verification testing solution, which combines a VNA of your choice with software and the R&S®OSP open switch and control platform.

We cover all your measurements needs through our own solutions and with strong partnerships - more information.

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VNA FAQs

How does a vector network analyzer work?

Why use a network analyzer?

How do I select a suitable vector network analyzer?

What’s the difference between a vector network analyzer and a spectrum analyzer?

What’s the difference between a vector network analyzer and a scalar network analyzer?

What is a VNA used for?

Why is the total cost of ownership (TCO) and low energy consumption of Rohde & Schwarz VNAs important?

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