Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
50 Results
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to Type-C cable assemblies supporting USB4 Gen3, USB4 Gen2, USB 3.2 Gen2, USB3.2 Gen1, and USB2.0.
30-Nov-2023 | AN-No. 1SL405
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to legacy cable assemblies supporting USB3.1 Gen2, USB3.1 Gen1, and USB2.0. Based on 5 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
18-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL406
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to legacy adapter assemblies supporting USB3.1 Gen1, and USB2.0. Based on 5 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
18-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL407
Verifying 5G transmitted signals in the field with the R&S®Spectrum Rider FPH handheld spectrum analyzer
30-Jul-2024
One of the key advantages of USB power delivery (USB PD) supported by USB Type-C™ connectors is the capability to transmit power up to 100 W. Using low speed signaling, the devices negotiate a USB PD profile. Suppliers of USB Type-C components and device vendors utilizing the USB PD standard need to ensure interoperability in terms of protocol handshake and signal integrity.
27-Jan-2016
As part of Release 13, 3GPP has specified a new radio interface, the Narrowband Internet of Things (NBIoT). NB-IoT is optimized for machine type traffic. It is kept as simple as possible in order to reduce device costs and to minimize battery consumption. In addition, it is also adapted to work in difficult radio conditions, which is a frequent operational area for certain machine type communication devices. Although NBIoT is an independent radio interface, it is tightly connected with LTE, which also shows up in its integration in the current LTE specifications.In this whitepaper we introduce the NB-IoT technology with an emphasis on the tight connection to LTE.
08-Aug-2016 | AN-No. 1MA266
Version 1.3.1 of the DVB-T2 standard ETSI 302 755 introduced the T2-Lite profile to ease the implementation of mobile TV services. This was achieved by minimizing the complexity of the required receiver and allowing side-by-side integration into existing conventional (T2-Base) DVB-T2 channels. For the purposes of testing the compatibility and performance of receiver modules, this application note describes how this type of composite T2-Base/T2-Lite RF signal can be simulated using one R&S®BTC or alternatively two instruments from the family of broadcast signal generators comprised of the R&S®SFU, R&S®SFE, R&S®SFE100 and R&S®SFC. Only one corresponding multiple profile T2-MI stream is required, either in the form of a file or via an external gateway.
03-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 7BM81
The R&S®CMW500 and R&S®SMBV100B are the ideal team for motor vehicle type approval testing of your eCall and ERA-GLONASS cellular modems and their GNSS receivers in line with the EU2017/79 regulation.
02-May-2022
Well-matched RF ports are a crucial aspect to any RF system. Matched ports, for example, protect amplifier output ports from reflected power overload. This undesired reflected power could destroy the whole amplifier. Matched ports also maximize power transmission, effectively extending the battery life of wireless products such as those made for the internet of things (IoT).
05-Mar-2020
LTE-M (also known as Cat M1) is a machine type communication (MTC) standard for IoT applications, specified by 3GPP. This application note provides and overview of the technology, the details of the standard and summarizes the R&S®TSMx scanner features for LTE-M measurements.
26-Jul-2019 | AN-No. 8NT04
To quantify uncertainties for network analyzer measurements, the influence of the entire system (network analyzer plus test setup and DUT) has to be taken into account. Usually, the overall uncertainty of the complete measurement setup is determined with the aid of a verification kit, containing highly accurate verification standards. Of course, the verification standards need to have the same connector type as the DUT. If such verification standards are not available, the overall error has to be estimated.
28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ29
Signal Generator SMIQ has versatile analog and digital internal modulation capabilities. Optional Fading Simulator SMIQ-B14 adds a variety of fading functions to the integrated digital modulation capabilities of SMIQ at a highly attractive price as compared with similar products. This application note describes how to apply fading to signals of any source and with any type of modulation (analog and digital) in a very convenient way.
09-Mar-1998 | AN-No. 1MA07
The R&S® ZVA-Z110 converters offered for the R&S® ZVA family enable network analysis in the W band (75 GHz to 110 GHz). In this Application Note, measurements with three or four converters will be discussed. Test configurations for such measurements have so far been implemented only with coaxial connector systems for a frequency range up to approx. 40 GHz. The term 'multiport measurements' was created for this type of measurements.
09-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ56
The DVB-H standard is a specification for bringing television broadcast services to handheld receivers. In order to save battery power, data for a specific service is transmitted in short bursts. This type of transmission utilizes special techniques within the transport stream. The R&S DVM offers a wide range of functions to analyze the characteristics of the DVB-H transport stream. This document describes the characteristics of the DVB-H transport stream and shows how the R&S DVM can be used for efficient analysis in research and development, production, and broadcasting.
04-Jul-2006 | AN-No. 7BM59
Enhanced Mobile Broadband, Massive Machine Type Communication, Ultra-reliable and low latency communication have been identified as the requirements to be supported by the 5thGeneration of Mobile Communication, short 5G. 5G is extensively discussed in the wireless industry. A lot of research and pre-development is being conducted worldwide, including an analysis of the waveforms and access principles that are the basis for current LTE and LTE-Advanced networks.In this application note we discuss potential 5G waveform candidates, list their advantages and disadvantages and compare them to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which is used in LTE/LTE-Advanced.
10-Jun-2016 | AN-No. 1MA271
Rohde & Schwarz test receivers of the ESXS, ESS and ESXN series are equipped with a 3.5' floppy-disk drive so that receiver settings, scan results, limit lines, transducer factors and whole sets of transducers can be stored on a floppy disk and reloaded into the receiver. Data can only be loaded into the receiver type from which they have been stored. The reason is that data eg from an ESHS30, which operates in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 Hz, should not be loaded into an ESVS30 as the data of the two units may be incompatible to because of the different frequency ranges alone (ESVS30: 20 MHz to 1000 MHz). However, in some cases it may be desirable to load an ESVS20 file into an ESVS30, or an ESN file into an ESVN40.
18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE19
Primer
A power sensor is a fundamental measurement tool in RF engineering. However, today's marketplace is filled with myriad choices, and many are making bold claims about attributes such as measurement speed and readings per second. As a result, it can be difficult to cut through the hyperbole and determine which sensor will actually meet the requirements of a specific measurement.This primer outlines the basics of RF power sensors and highlights a few key characteristics that will help you select the best one for each application. The narrative has three parts. First, we focus on choosing the right type of sensor: multipath, wideband, average power and thermal can satisfy slightly different measurement needs. The second section covers the five major attributes of sensor performance, and what to look for relative to your requirements. Finally, we outline three ways to integrate a sensor into your measurement application.
26-May-2021
The simple network management protocol (SNMP) can be used in a wide range of applications, as described in Rohde & Schwarz Application Note 7BM65 “The Simple Network Management Protocol: Remote Controlling for Monitoring Devices“. In particular, the option of centrally managing monitoring sensors – such as the R&S DVM for RF and baseband signals in digital broadcasting – shows the potential of this technology. However, the protocol alone is not enough to achieve this management functionality. Specialized management applications are needed that carry out the SNMP requests and display the results graphically. This application note and the associated SNMP example application will show how the R&S DVM family can be used for this type of application. Rohde & Schwarz customers can use the included source code (programming language: C#) to make the modifications needed for their own situations.
31-May-2007 | AN-No. 7BM66
Solutions and Tipps for NR FR1 in TDD Downlink Mode
5G New Radio (NR) is a radio technology specified by 3GPP and was first released in 3GPP release 15. It is designed to target three use cases, i.e. enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Among these three use cases, eMBB represents actually a further evolution of mobile broadband communication from LTE standard. According to the technical performance requirement defined by IMT-2020, by deploying 5G technology, peak data rates of eMBB application are expected to reach 20 Gbps in downlink (DL) and 10 Gbps in uplink (UL) direction, respectively. Typical use cases of eMBB are data hungry applications, such as high resolution 8K video streaming, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) etc.Verification of a 5G capable user equipment (UE) with respect to its achievable maximum data throughput under controllable and deterministic test conditions is an essential process during the design phase of the product. Performance centric verification through identification of the data throughput bottleneck, product benchmarking against a golden device enhances tremendously the user experience in the end.This document focuses on 5G NR frequency range 1 (FR1) with TDD duplex mode in E-UTRAN New-radio Dual Connectivity (ENDC) operating mode. As 5G NR physical layer offers a plethora of flexibility, the motivation here is to provide a kind of guideline of relevant parameter settings to stimulate device under test (DUT)'s max throughput capacity. The status quo of the R&S solutions at the time when the application note is created are described. Shown feature sets are constantly evolving, so the screenshots used and the parameters shown may change.
07-Jul-2022 | AN-No. 1SL379
EN-DC Mode According to 3GPP 38.521-3
5G New Radio (NR) is a radio access technology (RAT) specified by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in release 15 technical standard which was first published in 2018. It is designed to enhance the spectrum efficiency to meet the diverse needs of wireless communication applications, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).Two deployment modes are defined for 5G NR technology► non-standalone (NSA) mode involving both E-UTRA (access technology used for LTE) and 5G NR RAT► standalone (SA) mode allows the user equipment (UE) to access 5G core network (5GC) over LTE or 5G NR RATAll 5G NR air interface related core specifications as well as associated test specifications are included in the 3GPP 38 series specifications. In an UE product lifecycle, UE vendor is obliged to go through the device certification process by passing all the required conformance tests which include RF, protocol, performance tests before official launch of the product. RF conformance testing is of course essential for the market access. The conformity of 3GPP specification has to be ensured even in the early product R&D phase.This application note aims to guide the R&D reader through the 5G NR Frequency Range 1 (FR1) NSA RF UE conformance test according to 3GPP38.521-3 based on mobile radio tester R&S®CMX and associated web user interface R&S®CMsquares in interactive operation mode, i.e. manual operation mode, through test configuration examples. After reading this application note, the reader should be able to conduct 3GPP RF conformance tests with proper settings manually and understand measurement results in R&S®CMsquares.
25-Jun-2021 | AN-No. 1SL368