The AI-RAN revolution

Addressing the uplink challenge with AI-powered innovation

However, this AI-RAN vision isn’t without challenges. Maintaining robust uplink performance at higher frequencies is a hurdle. The shift from 3.5 GHz to 7 GHz introduces a 4.5 dB increase in Free Space Path Loss (FSPL), compounded by increased attenuation through building walls. Increased device output power is limited by Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) regulations.

The answer lies in intelligent optimization. Rohde & Schwarz focused on two strategies: reducing communication protocol overhead and increasing base station receiver sensitivity. Our MWC 2025 demonstration in collaboration with Qualcomm Technologies featured AI/ML-based Channel State Information (CSI) feedback compression, showcasing a “two-sided model” where AI-optimization is happening in parallel at the device (UE) and the infrastructure (gNB). This improved throughput and validated the testability of such complex models for the first time.

3GPP recognized the potential and adopted two-sided models and CSI feedback compression as a work item within Release 20, initiating crucial standardization efforts for interoperability, focusing on model handling, lifecycle management and testability – ensuring that solutions from different vendors can seamlessly interact.

Beyond compression: Enhancing receiver sensitivity with digital post distortion

Complementing CSI feedback compression, Rohde & Schwarz made significant strides in link budget for the uplink. A recent collaboration with Nokia Bell Labs demonstrated AI/ML-based base station receivers employing Digital Post Distortion (DPoD) to recover distorted uplink signals. We’ve showcased this live at MWC 2026.

DPoD boosts the link budget, preserving 5G-like coverage footprints, reducing the need for dense site deployments and yielding substantial cost savings. DPoD also reduces device complexity and power consumption. As XR devices transition from bulky headsets to stylish frames with cameras, audio, video projection and haptic sensing, battery life and distributed compute become paramount for enabling immersive experiences, particularly in Extended Reality (XR). The AI-RAN Alliance made DPoD an official work item in November 2025.

Integrated sensing and communication: A new dimension for 6G

Beyond core network performance, AI drives new 6G application areas. Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) – leveraging mobile networks for object detection – is rapidly gaining traction. The possibilities are vast: First networks are already in place for tracking vessels in ports. Other applications defined by 3GPP include smart traffic management, topographical mapping, healthcare sensing and drone detection.

Rohde & Schwarz supported ISAC R&D early on. While outdoor testing is valuable, it depends on weather conditions and other environmental factors. Lab-based equipment like the R&S AREG800 provides a reproducible environment crucial for optimizing waveforms and developing receiver algorithms, emulating indoor and outdoor use cases. Multiple dynamic targets can be set and varied in distance (from 4 m to 20 km), speed and Radar Cross Section (RCS). Micro Doppler simulation has just been added to better support AI-based object classification. Demonstrations of this have also been featured at MWC 2026.

Looking ahead

3GPP’s guiding principle – deploying AI where it delivers significant gains – ensures a pragmatic approach. Continued industry collaboration, reliable test equipment and trustworthy training data are paramount for navigating interoperability in this continuously evolving landscape.

At MWC 2026, Rohde & Schwarz built on the momentum of 2025 and showcased even more AI-RAN test solutions to build a sustainable, intelligent 6G future together. The AI-RAN revolution is underway, and we at Rohde & Schwarz are proud to be at the forefront, empowering a new era of connected experiences.

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