애플리케이션 검색
로데슈바르즈는 기기, 원칙, 방법에 대한 지식을 공유하고 사용자가 로데슈바르즈에서 최고의 성능을 얻을 수 있도록 애플리케이션 노트, 애플리케이션 카드, 애플리케이션 동영상 시리즈를 만들었습니다.
애플리케이션 검색
로데슈바르즈는 기기, 원칙, 방법에 대한 지식을 공유하고 사용자가 로데슈바르즈에서 최고의 성능을 얻을 수 있도록 애플리케이션 노트, 애플리케이션 카드, 애플리케이션 동영상 시리즈를 만들었습니다.
42 결과
This paper reviews the classical spectrum analyzer measurement of L(f) and its shortcomings and discusses how modern phase noise test sets measure phase noise and avoid the limitations imposed by direct spectrum measurements.
Mar 31, 2020
Bluetooth® 무선 표준은 전무후무한 성공을 거뒀습니다. 이 표준은 거의 모든 스마트폰, PC, 자동차, 엔터테인먼트 하드웨어 및 웨어러블에 사용되고 있습니다. Bluetooth SIG에 따르면 현재 80억 대가 넘는 장치에서 사용 중인 것으로 나타났습니다. Bluetooth는 IoT(사물인터넷) 기술 및 방위 측정법을 지원하므로 미래에도 사용할 수 있는 확실한 방법이라고 할 수 있습니다.이 백서에서는 코어 사양 버전 5.1과 함께 물리 계층에 중점을 두고 다양한 Bluetooth 기술을 요약합니다.
6월 05, 2019 | AN-번호 1MA108
DPD(Digital Pre-distortion)는 비선형 작동 범위에서 작동하는 PA(전력 증폭기)의 출력 신호를 선형화하는 일반적인 방법입니다.대부분의 PA는 효율성을 위해 비선형 범위에서 작동합니다. 효율이 높을 때의 단점은 작동 범위가 비선형이라는 점입니다. 대부분의 송신기는 신호 품질을 유지하기 위해 DPD를 채택합니다. 실시간 DPD를 송신기에 구현하는 것은 까다로운 작업이며 이러한 DPD가 결국 (전송된 신호와 연결된) PA 모델에 구현되는 경우가 많습니다.이와 같이 복잡한 모델은 송신기 개발을 위해 필요하지만 PA 검증과 개발 과정에서는 필요하지 않습니다.이 문서는 하드 클리퍼를 기반으로 전치 왜곡된 신호를 발생하는 방식에 대해 설명합니다. 결과 파형은 DUT의 출력을 하드 클리퍼에 가능한 가깝게 밀어냅니다.파형 방식으로 인해 알고리즘이 모든 메모리 효과를 보상합니다.
9월 13, 2017 | AN-번호 1EF99
LTE user equipment (UE) receiver performance has significant impact to cellular radio network coverage and capacity. It determines the maximum data throughput across the air interface between the LTE base station (eNB, evolved node B) and the mobile network subscriber UE, thus it determines the total capacity across the air interface. Therefore, it is one of the most important measurements to verify the actual receiver performance of individual devices, and a key metric to compare different devices, in particular.This paper shall give an introduction to receiver performance measurements and discusses the measurement metrics as well as the challenges of over the air (OTA) measurements.
Aug 31, 2017 | AN-번호 1ST001
Heinz Mellein, Manuel Mielkech 8NT01 MIMO Channel,Field Measurements,MIMO Evaluation,R&STSMx,R&SROMES Assessing a MIMO Channel Heinz Mellein, Manuel Mielkech 8NT01 MIMO Channel,Field Measurements,MIMO Evaluation,R&STSMx,R&SROMES Related products
Aug 31, 2017 | AN-번호 8NT01
Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting Windows®-based test instrumentation to other computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while ensuring that instrument performance is not compromised.
Feb 16, 2017 | AN-번호 1EB01
Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting test instrumentation to Windows®-based computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to reduce risks while ensuring that instrument performance is not compromised. The paper also discusses the use of anti-virus software in combination with Embedded Linux based instruments.
Nov 23, 2016 | AN-번호 1GP112
5G 네트워크는 시스템 운영 비용을 절감하는 동시에 더 많은 용량과 유연성을 제공해야 합니다. 두 가지 새로운 기술, 즉, 가상화와 Massive MIMO가 용량 증가와 에너지 효율성 증가 문제를 동시에 해결할 수 있습니다. 이 백서는 Conducted 및 OTA(Over-the-Air) 테스트 방법을 포함한 현재와 미래의 안테나 검증 방식에서 Massive MIMO 안테나 기술을 적용함으로써 요구되는 사항을 해결하는 테스트 솔루션에 대해 소개합니다.본 백서는 빔포밍 안테나에 관한 기초 이론을 소개하고 방사 패턴, 수많은 시뮬레이션 결과와 소규모 선형 배열에 대한 몇 가지 실제 측정 결과에 대한 계산 방법을 제공하는 로데슈바르즈 백서(1MA276) 을 보완합니다.
11월 11, 2016 | AN-번호 1MA286
Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting Windows®-based test instrumentation to other computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compromised.The paper discusses the use of anti-virus software. It also outlines how to keep the Windows® 10 operating system properly updated through regular installation of OS patches.
Sep 23, 2016 | AN-번호 1EF96
밀리미터파 대역은 위성 산업과 잠재적 5G 대역에서 점점 큰 관심을 갖고 있는 대역입니다.5G 프로젝트를 위한 안테나는 이러한 고주파를 사용하여 많은 수의 방사 소자를 통합합니다. 이처럼 차세대 네트워크에 중요한 역할을 하는 빔포밍 동작에는 이러한 안테나 어레이가 필수적입니다.이 백서는 빔포밍 안테나에 적용된 몇 가지 기본 이론을 소개합니다. 이러한 기본 개념 이외에도, 방사 패턴 계산 방법과 선형 배열의 여러 실제 측정 결과가 나와 있습니다.
9월 15, 2016 | AN-번호 1MA276
3GPP는 Release 13에서 새로운 무선 인터페이스인 NB-IoT(Narrowband Internet of Things)를 지정했습니다. NB-IoT는 사물 인터넷을 위해 최적화되었습니다. NB-IoT는 기기 비용을 절감하고 배터리 소비를 최소화하기 위해 가능한 간단히 유지되었습니다. 또한 특정 종류의 사물인터넷 기기들이 빈번하게 동작하는 까다로운 무선 조건에서도 운용 가능하도록 조정되었습니다. NB-IoT는 독립적인 무선 인터페이스이지만 최신 LTE 사양에 통합된 모습으로 LTE와 밀접하게 연결되어 있습니다.본 백서에서는 NB-IoT 기술에 대해 소개하고 특히 NB-IoT가 LTE와 어떻게 밀접히 연결되어 있는지에 대해 자세히 살펴봅니다.
8월 08, 2016 | AN-번호 1MA266
Widespread adoption of higher order modulation schemes, larger signal bandwidths and higher operating frequencies, to enable higher data throughput in communication links like 5G, places increasingly tough demands on the frontend. Signal fidelity is often enhanced with linearization.The greater number of RF chains and signal bandwidth in 5G Frontends mean that DPD (Digital Pre-Distortion) may no longer be the default linearization choice; 5G Frontends will be completely different from their 4G predecessors.The key metrics of Efficiency, Linearity, Bandwidth and Output Power remain, as does the question of how to optimally create the signal with just enough fidelity and power, with a minimum of wasted power. The solution set to that question, however, has never been greater.Amongst other topics, this White Paper, (i) proposes a classification of Linearization schemes, (ii) introduces the hard limiter, (iii) illustrates linearization of an exemplary mmWave PA using non-DPD techniques, and (iv) introduces a class of linearized transmitters that create their signal and linearity from efficiently generated components.
Feb 25, 2016 | AN-번호 1MA269
In this whitepaper we describe the device to device communication in LTE from a UE point of view. Network elements are described as far as they concern the UE. In addition to the message transmission and reception, a special emphasis is put on the synchronization between UEs and on the security for the message exchange.
Sep 29, 2015 | AN-번호 1MA264
This White Paper provides a more detailed view on radar waveforms for Aerospace and Defence and commercial radar systems. Waveforms such as pulse and pulse-Doppler signal, continuous wave and frequency shift keying waveforms are described. It also shows continuous waveform trends designed for specific needs and application differences of continuous wave radar compared to pulse radar systems.
Aug 31, 2015 | AN-번호 1MA239
This white paper summarizes significant additional technology components based on LTE, which are included in 3GPP Release 12 specifications. The LTE technology as specified within 3GPP Release 8 was first commercially deployed by end 2009. Since then the number of commercial networks is strongly increasing around the globe. LTE has become the fastest developing mobile system technology ever. As other cellular technologies LTE is continuously worked on in terms of improvements. 3GPP groups added technology components according to so called releases. Initial enhancements were included in 3GPP Release 9, followed by more significant improvements in 3GPP Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced. Beyond Release 10 a number of different market terms have been used. However 3GPP reaffirmed that the naming for the technology family and its evolution continues to be covered by the term LTE-Advanced. Therefore LTE-Advanced remains the correct description for specifications defined from Release 10 onwards, including 3GPP Release 12.
Aug 04, 2015 | AN-번호 1MA252
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is an integral part of 3GPP E-UTRA long term evolution (LTE). As part of MIMO, beamforming is also used in LTE. This white paper discusses the basics of beamforming and explains the ten downlink and two uplink MIMO transmission modes in LTE Release 12.
Jul 10, 2015 | AN-번호 1MA186
LTE Location Based Services (LBS) involve the process of determining where a device is located. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based solutions are highly accurate and the technology of choice for absolute position accuracy, providing the device has a good line-of-sight, but this is not always the case. A device can be in a highly dense urban environment with reduced satellite visibility or indoors with very low signal levels.These limitations of GNSS systems have meant that LTE cellular based alternatives have been developed within 3GPP Release 9 and onwards.They are described in this white paper.
May 29, 2015 | AN-번호 1SP05
This White Paper describes the implementation of real-time capabilities within the R&S®FSW (with option K160R) and the R&S®FSVR. It shows fields of application as well as the technical implementation.
Mar 20, 2015 | AN-번호 1EF77
For cable TV, the "last mile" to the connection at the home is the bottleneck that prevents higher data rates. The last mile is made up of optical fiber and coaxial cables, amplifiers and electrical/optical converters. This mix of optical fiber and coaxial cables is known as a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network. One option for cable network providers to maximize both the downstream (DS) and upstream (US) data throughput using the existing cable TV network, but without making expensive changes to the HFC network infrastructure, is to employ the data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) 3.1.This Application Note discusses the fundamental technological advances of DOCSIS 3.1 and presents measurement solutions from Rohde & Schwarz.
Mar 02, 2015 | AN-번호 7MH89
Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when con-necting Windows®-based test instrumenta-tion to other computers via local area net-works (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compro-mised.The paper discusses the use of anti-virus software. It also outlines how to keep the Windows® 7 operating system properly updated through regular installation of OS patches.
Jan 27, 2015 | AN-번호 1DC01
This white paper describes the basic functionality of antennas. Starting with Hertz's Antenna model followed by a short introduction to the fundamentals of wave propagation, the important general characteristics of an antenna and its associated parameters are explained. A more detailed explanation of the functionality of some selected antenna types concludes this white paper.
Nov 04, 2014 | AN-번호 8GE01
Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology has become the technology of choice for keeping up with the requirement of higher throughput in mobile communication in bands below 6 GHz. It is expected that within the next decade LTE will become the primary commercial standard. LTE is often used to broadcast emergency information in times of natural disasters and national crises and is under investigation for further end use application in government as well as military application fields.Communication via LTE has some vulnerabilities. This drawback is a matter of concern since it is possible to completely take down the LTE network or at least partially block communication, intentionally with the help of jamming signals, or unintentionally through various forms of interference.An example of unintentional interference issues is the frequently discussed co-existence issues with Air Traffic Control (ATC) S-band radar and Digital TV bands. The in-device co-existence challenge is also a potentially important issue with the rapid evolution of multi-standard radios.This White Paper will focus on the vulnerabilities of LTE communication by explaining LTE jamming and unintentional interference problems, address the coexistence issues with other services, and discuss the mitigation options to build a broad perspective on the possible deployment of the LTE technology for future military and civil governmental applications.Understanding the susceptance of new technologies to known and expected environments is critical to the adoption for defense applications
Sep 16, 2014 | AN-번호 1MA245
Taking the R&S ESR EMI test receiver as an example, this paper looks at a CISPR 16-1-1- compliant test instrument with time domain scanning capabilities. The paper compares the measurement speed and level measurement accuracy of a conventional stepped frequency scan versus an advanced FFT-based time domain scan. It also contains guidance on making optimum use of time domain scans.
Jan 29, 2014 | AN-번호 1EE24
Data rates in the range of several Gigabit/s are needed to transmit signals like uncompressed video signals. Amendment 802.11ad to the WLAN standard defines the MAC and PHY layers for very high throughput (VHT) in the 60 GHz range. The specification 802.11-2016 has defined additional modulation and codings schemes for the 11ad single carrier part to increase the data rate. The OFDM part is obsolete.This white paper provides an introduction to the technology behind 802.11ad and highlights the test and measurement requirements.
Nov 21, 2013 | AN-번호 1MA220
1xEvolution – Data Optimized (1xEV-DO)is a 3GPP2 “cdma2000® High Rate PacketData Air Interface” specification. Since its introduction (Release 0), Revisions A and B have brought improvements in the data throughput in both directions and in the overall network capacity. This white paper presents the Revision A and B concepts for 1xEV-DO and explains key features.
Sep 23, 2013 | AN-번호 1MA213
The LTE technology as specified within 3GPP Release 8 was first commercially deployed by end 2009. Since then the number of commercial networks is strongly increasing around the globe. LTE has become the fastest developing mobile system technology. As other cellular technologies LTE is continuously worked on in terms of improvements. 3GPP groups added technology components into so called releases. Initial enhancements were included in 3GPP Release 9, followed by more significant improvements in 3GPP Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced. Beyond Release 10 a number of different market terms have been used. However 3GPP reaffirmed that the naming for the technology family and its evolution continues to be covered by the term LTE-Advanced. I.e. LTE-Advanced remains the correct description for specifications defined from Release 10 onwards, including 3GPP Release 12. This white paper summarizes improvements specified in 3GPP Release 11.
Jul 09, 2013 | AN-번호 1MA232
NFC(Near Field Communication, 근거리 무선 통신)는 전자기 유도를 사용하여 근접 거리의 전자 기기들이 서로 통신할 수 있도록 하는 새로운 근거리, 표준 기반 무선 연결 기술입니다. RFID 기술을 기반으로 하는 NFC는 안전한 데이터 전송을 검증하기 위해 식별 프로토콜을 이용합니다. NFC에서는 사용자가 기기를 터치하거나 가깝게 대기만 하면 동작하는 직관적이고 안전한 비접촉식 트랜잭션을 통해 디지털 콘텐츠의 접속과 기기 간 연결을 수행합니다. 본 백서는 NFC 용도, NFC 기술과 신호, NFC 유닛에 대한 RF 측정에 대해 간략히 설명합니다. R&S 테스트 기기를 이용한 NFC 아날로그 측정은 R&S 애플리케이션 노트 1MA190 'Basic Tests of NFC Enabled Devices Using R&S Test Equipment'에서 자세히 설명합니다.
6월 03, 2013 | AN-번호 1MA182
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) optimize UMTS for packet data services in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Together, they are referred to as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Within 3GPP Release 7, 8, 9 and 10, further improvements to HSPA have been specified in the context of HSPA+ or HSPA evolution. This Application Note describes how HSPA+ features can be tested using Rohde & Schwarz instruments.
Apr 26, 2013 | AN-번호 1MA121
This whitepaper provides an overview of the WLAN offload in LTE as standardized by 3GPP, as well as the enhancements for Wi-Fi standardized by IEEE and the Wi-Fi Alliance. It also describes access methods in the joint network, treats the security, and describes IP mobility. In addition network discovery and selection are explained.
Dec 10, 2012 | AN-번호 1MA214
Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting Windows®-based test instrumentation to other computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices. This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compromised. The paper discusses the use of anti-virus software, with recommended configuration settings. It also outlines how to keep the Windows® XP operating system properly updated through regular installation of OS patches.
Oct 04, 2012 | AN-번호 1EF73